EXERCISE ACTIVITY CHAPTER 24 EXERCISE ACTIVITY Activity and

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY CHAPTER 24

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY Activity and exercise are important for physical and mental well-being. Activity can be limited due to: o Illness o Surgery o Injuries o Pain o Aging o Chronic illness o Prolonged bed rest

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY Deconditioning is the loss of muscle strength from inactivity. o Clients should be encouraged to be as active as possible because older adults become deconditioned quickly.

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY BED REST Bed rest can be ordered for several reasons: o To reduce physical activity o To reduce pain o To encourage rest o To regain strength o To promote healing

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY COMPLICATIONS OF BED REST Lack of exercise can cause serious complications. Every body system is affected (see handout). Complications can include: o Pressure ulcers o Constipation o Fecal impaction o UTI’s o Renal calculi o Blood clots o Pneumonia

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY o o Contractures (lack of joint mobility caused by shortening of the muscle pg. 486) Atrophy (decrease in size or wasting of tissue pg 486) Orthostatic hypotension (drop in BP after standing or sitting causing dizziness, weakness) Syncope (fainting or LOC)

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY EXERCISE Exercise helps to prevent contractures, atrophy and other complications of bed rest. ROM (range of motion) exercises: exercises the movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain. ROM can be: o Active o Passive o Active assistive

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY ROM o o o Abduction Adduction Extension Flexion Hyperextension Dorsiflexion • Rotation • Internal rotation • External rotation • Plantar flexion • Pronation • Supination • Definitions can be found on pg 485

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY AMBULATION o Regular walking helps to prevent deconditioning. o Ambulation is the act of walking o Walking aids may be used such as: n Crutches n Walkers n Canes PROCEDURE : Helping the person to walk pg 498

EXERCISE & ACTIVITY FALLS A client may fall when walking or standing because they are weak, dizzy or lightheaded. Make sure your client is wearing non-skid shoes/slippers Never try to stop a fall while it is happening, this can cause greater harm PROCEDURE: Helping the falling person pg 501

ROM EXERCISES o Head & neck n n n o Shoulders n n n o Flexion/Extension Abduction/adduction External/internal rotation Elbow n o Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension Rotation Lateral flexion Flexion/extension Forearm n Supination/pronation

ROM EXERCISES o Wrist n n o Thumb n n n o Flexion/extension/hyperextension Ulnar flexion/radial flexion Abduction/adduction Extension/flexion Opposition Fingers n n Abduction/adduction Flexion/extension

ROM EXERCISES o Hip Flexion/extension/hyperextension n Abduction/adduction n Internal/external rotation Knee n Flexion/extension Ankle n Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion Foot n o o o n o Supination/pronation Toes n Flexion/extension n Abduction/adduction