Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI

Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI 231

Bone Landmarks • All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions. • Review table 7. 1

Axial Skeleton • • Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone

Supraorbital ridge Frontal Bone Fr Frontal Bone on tal Bo ne

Frontal Bone Frontal Sinus

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone External Acoustic Meatus Zygomatic Arch Mastoid Process Mandibular fossa Styloid Process

Temporal Bone Carotid Canal Jugular Foramen

Temporal Bone

Occipital Bone Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum External occipital protuberance

Nuchal lines

Occipital Bone

Coronal Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Frontal Bone

Squamous Suture Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Frontal Bone

Sagittal Suture Between the Right and Left Parietal bones Occipital Bone Parietal Bone (Right) Parietal Bone (Left) Frontal Bone

Lambdoid Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Frontal Bone

Cranium Floor Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa Posterior Cranial Fossa

Sphenoid Bone Foramen lacerum Lesser Wing Greater Wing Sella Turcica Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum

Sphenoid Bone Hypophyseal Fossa Dorsum Sella Petrous ridge Internal acoustic canal

Sphenoid Bone Pterygoid Process Sphenoidal Sinus

Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Process Lateral Pterygoid Plate Medial Pterygoid Plate

Ethmoid Bone Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate

Ethmoid Bone Middle Nasal Conchae Perpendicular Plate

Ethmoid Bone Cristae Galli Cribriform Plate Perpendicular Plate

Facial Bones Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)

Facial Bones

Zygomatic Bone Temporal Process Zygomatic Arch

Maxilla Hard Palate Infraorbital foramen Alveolar processes

Palatine Bone Vomer

Mandible Coronoid Process Mandibular Condyle Alveolar Process Ramus Angle Mental Foramen Body

Mandible Mylohyoid Line Mandibular Foramen

Orbit

Openings • • • Foramen rotundum Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Jugular foramen Internal acoustic canal Hypoglossal canal

Sinuses Frontal Sphenoidal Ethmoid Air C Maxillary

Fetal Skull Superior View

Fetal Skull

Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. Present in varying amounts

Cervical Spine • 7 Vertebra • C 1 -C 7 • Concave Posterior

Thoracic Spine • • 12 Vertebra T 1 -T 12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs

Lumbar Spine • 5 Vertebra • L 1 -L 5 • Concave Posterior

Sacral Spine • 5 Fused Vertebra • “Sacrum”

Coccyx • 4 Fused Vertebra

Sacrum 5 Fused Vertebrae

Sacrum Sacral Foramina

Sacrum Sacral Promontory

Typical structure of vertebra

Intervertebral Foraminae

Intervertebral Disk

Annulus Fibrosus (Fibrocartilage)

Nucleus Pulposus

Cervical Vertebrae (C 3 -C 7) Vertebral Foramen BODY

Cervical Vertebrae (C 3 -C 7) Transverse Processes Transverse Foramen

Cervical Vertebrae C 1: Atlas Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebrae C 2: Axis Odontoid Process (Dens)

Cervical Vertebrae C 1 & C 2 Joined Together

Cervical Vertebrae (C 3 -C 7) Bifid Spinous Process

Cervical Vertebrae (C 3 -C 7) Superior Articular Process Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebrae (C 3 -C 7) Vertebral Arch

Thoracic Vertebrae Spinous Process

Thoracic Vertebrae Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)

Lumbar Vertebrae BODY

Sacroiliac Joints

Coccyx 4 Rudimentary Vertebrae

Hyoid Bone Greater Horn Lesser Horn BODY

Sternum Manubrium Sternal Angle Body Xiphoid Process

Ribs 1 -7: True Ribs

Ribs 8 -10: False Ribs

Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

Costovertebral Angle

Ribs

Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

The End