Exemplum Exemplum is a rhetorical device that is

Exemplum: Exemplum is a rhetorical device that is defined as a short tale, narrative, or anecdote used in literary pieces and speeches to explain a doctrine or emphasize a moral point. They are generally in the forms of legends, folktales and fables. Types of Exemplum Aristotle has divided exemplum into two categories: Real Exemplum – This is from mythology or actual history. Fictional Exemplum – These are from invented facts expressed in the form of parable, fable, brief comparisons etc.

Definition A parable is a short symbolic/metaphorical story that serves the purpose of teaching a lesson or a truth which pertains to morals or religion. Parable of the Good Samaritan

• Fable. The tale is an outstanding example of the literary style known as a bestiary (or a beast fable) in which animals behave like human beings.

GEOFFREY CHAUCER • WHO IS HE? • GEOFFREY CHAUCER WAS KNOWN AS “THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND POETRY” AND IS WIDELY CONSIDERED THE GREATEST ENGLISH POET OF THE MIDDLE AGES. • CHAUCER WAS VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT HOW PEOPLE SPOKE AND ACTED IN THE MIDDLE AGES REGARDLESS OF THEIR RULING CLASS. • WITH THIS KNOWLEDGE, HE WAS ABLE TO WRITE THE CANTERBURY TALES FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF ALL THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PILGRIM CHARACTERS THROUGHOUT THIS HISTORICAL MASTERPIECE. • WHAT IS HIS CONNECTION TO THE CANTERBURY TALES? • GEOFFREY CHAUCER IS THE AUTHOR AND NARRATOR OF THE CANTERBURY TALES. • ALSO, CHAUCER WAS BORN INTO A MIDDLE-CLASS WINE MERCHANT’S FAMILY WHERE HE BECAME A PAGE IN THE ROYAL HOUSEHOLD WHILE STILL A TEENAGER. • FOR THIS REASON, CHAUCER KNOWS THE MOST ABOUT THIS MERCHANT CHARACTER AS PROVEN THROUGHOUT THIS STORY. ALSO, THIS IS WHY CHAUCER IS THE VOCABULARY WORD CONNECTED TO THE MERCHANT CHARACTER.

Pilgrims: A pilgrim is a person who travels to a sacred place for a religious reason. Usually travels as a part of their religious belief system. Pilgrimages: A pilgrimage is a journey taken by pilgrims in search of moral or spiritual significance. Usually travels a long distance on foot.

Crusades • Series of Holy Wars started by Christians against the Saracens. • They Began when the Pope preached about the “First Crusade” in 1095. • ‘Crusade’ is an old French word for ‘cross’. • The Taking of Jerusalem was the cause of the Crusades. • Purpose Was to release the claim of Holy Land from the Saracens.

Thomas Beckett • ST. THOMAS BECKET, ENGLAND'S ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, REFUSED TO GIVE KING HENRY II POWER OVER THE CHURCH. HE WAS MURDERED IN 1170 AND BECAME A SAINT IN 1173.

The Decameron is a collection of novellas by the 14 th century author Giovanni Boccaccio. The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 different tales that are told by a group of seven young women and three young men. The stories take place in a secluded villa just outside of Florence where the group is hiding to escape the black death which was affecting the city. This collection of tales was one of the most influential pieces of writing of its time and had a great influence on the Canterbury tales and how it was written.

Reformation • It wasn't until the 16 century that reformation of the Catholic church began to happen • In northern and central Europe, protestant reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII began to question papal authority and the church's ability to define Christian practice • They argued for a religious and political redistribution of power into the hands of Bible • After this period of reformation, there was a decline of influence of the Catholic Church on western European society.

The Middle English • English Language from 1150 -1470

What does this mean? DEFINITION - Black Death was a widespread epidemic of bubonic plague that killed nearly half the people of western Europe in the fourteenth century, occurring in several outbreaks. The origins of the bubonic plague is thought to have been caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. This bacteria was spread by black rats and most likely spread via the fleas on them. The rats were able to travel to Europe on trade ships. • Began in Europe, 1346, and ending in 1353. The deaths estimated are 50 -200 million.

ALCHEMY • The medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the supposed transformation of matter. It was concerned particularly with attempts to convert base metals into gold or to find a universal elixir. • Syn: Chemistry, Magic • A power or process of transforming something common into something special

HUNDRED YEARS WAR • The Hundred Years' War is the modern term for a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the Kingdom of France.

Indulgences • In the Roman Catholic Church, a declaration by church authorities that those who say certain prayers or do good deeds will have some or all of their punishment in purgatory remitted. Note: In the Middle Ages, indulgences were frequently sold, and the teaching on indulgences was often distorted.

Definitions • Chivalry- The medieval system, principles and customs of knighthood. The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward woman. • Courtly Love-a highly conventionalized medieval tradition of love between a knight and a married woman. The knight's love for the married woman was regarded as an ennobling passion and was typically unconsummated.

Feudalism The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

Life in England This term will not be on the Quiz.

King Henry II Born: 1133, in France Died: July 6, 1154 near Tours King of England (from 1154) after his Father's death His personality is charasmatic, intelligent, and a high temper Greatly expanded his Angelo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. Later on had disagreements with Thomas Becket and Family members such as his wife (Eleanor of Aquitaine) , also his sons (Richard the Lion-Heart and John Lackland). Ended up being best known as the murderer of Thomas Becket