Exam II Physics 101 Lecture 13 Rotational Kinetic

Exam II Physics 101: Lecture 13 Rotational Kinetic Energy and Inertia Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 1

Overview of Semester l Newton’s Laws èS F = m a l Work-Energy èS F = m a multiply both sides by d èS W = DKE Energy is “conserved” èUseful when know Work done by forces l Impulse-Momentum èS F = m a multiply both sides by Dt èS I = Dp Momentum is “conserved” èUseful when know about EXTERNAL forces èWorks in each direction independently Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 2 05

Linear and Angular Displacement Velocity Acceleration Inertia KE N 2 L Momentum Linear x v a m ½ m v 2 F=ma p = mv Angular q w a I Today! Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 3 07

Comment on axes and sign (i. e. what is positive and negative) Whenever we talk about rotation, it is implied that there is a rotation “axis”. This is usually called the “z” axis (we usually omit the z subscript for simplicity). +w Counter-clockwise (increasing q) is usually called positive. z Clockwise (decreasing q) is usually called negative. Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 4 12

Energy ACT l When the bucket reaches the bottom, it’s potential energy has decreased by an amount mgh. Where has this energy gone? A) Kinetic Energy of bucket B) Kinetic Energy of flywheel C) Both 1 and 2. At bottom, bucket has zero velocity, energy must be in flywheel! Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 5 11

Rotational Kinetic Energy l Consider a mass M on the end of a string being spun around in a circle with radius r and angular frequency w èMass has speed v = w r M èMass has kinetic energy » K = ½ M v 2 » = ½ M w 2 r 2 l Rotational Kinetic Energy is energy due to circular motion of object. Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 6 24

Rotational Inertia I l Tells how much “work” is required to get object spinning. Just like mass tells you how much “work” is required to get object moving. èKtran = ½ m v 2 Linear Motion èKrot = ½ I w 2 Rotational Motion l I = S m i ri 2 (units kg m 2) l Note! Rotational Inertia (or “Moment of Inertia”) depends on what you are spinning about (basically the ri in the equation). Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 7 13

Rotational Inertia Table l For objects with finite number of masses, use I = S m r 2. For “continuous” objects, use table below. Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 8 33

Merry Go Round Four kids (mass m) are riding on a (light) merry-go-round rotating with angular velocity w=3 rad/s. In case A the kids are near the center (r=1. 5 m), in case B they are near the edge (r=3 m). Compare the kinetic energy of the kids on the two rides. A A) KA > KB B B) KA = KB C) KA < KB KE = 4 x ½ m v 2 = 4 x ½ m w r 2 = ½ I w 2 Where I = 4 m r 2 Further mass is from axis of rotation, greater KE it has. Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 9 17

Contest! Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 10

Inertia Rods Two batons have equal mass and length. Which will be “easier” to spin A) Mass on ends B) Same C) Mass in center I = S m r 2 Further mass is from axis of rotation, greater moment of inertia (harder to spin) Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 11 21

Preflight: Rolling Race (Hoop vs Cylinder) A hoop and a cylinder of equal mass roll down a ramp with height h. Which has greatest KE at bottom? A) Hoop B) Same C) Cylinder 20% 50% 30% “The trills I get from doing this physics homework allowed me to believe that they have the same kinetic energy at the bottom since they both start with the Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 12 24 same potential energy. ”

Preflight: Rolling Race (Hoop vs Cylinder) A hoop and a cylinder of equal mass roll down a ramp with height h. Which has greatest speed at the bottom of the ramp? A) Hoop B) Same C) Cylinder 22% 30% 48% I = MR 2 I = ½ MR 2 “The hoop has a better resistance to change in velocity than the solid cylinder. ” Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 13 27

Main Ideas l Rotating objects have kinetic energy èKE = ½ I w 2 l Moment of Inertia I = S mr 2 èDepends on Mass èDepends on axis of rotation l Energy is conserved but need to include rotational energy too Krot = ½ I w 2 Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 14 30

Massless Pulley Example Consider the two masses connected by a pulley as shown. Use conservation of energy to calculate the speed of the blocks after m 2 has dropped a distance h. Assume the pulley is massless. Note: Tension does positive work on 1 and negative work on 2. Net work (on 1 and 2) by tension is ZERO. Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 15 37

Massive Pulley Act Consider the two masses connected by a pulley as shown. If the pulley is massive, after m 2 drops a distance h, the blocks will be moving A) faster than B) the same speed as Slower because some energy goes C) slower than into spinning pulley! if it was a massless pulley Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 16 45

Summary l Rotational Kinetic Energy Krot = ½ I w 2 l Rotational Inertia I = S miri 2 l Energy Still Conserved! l Practice Problems Ch. 8: 3, 5, 9 Physics 101: Lecture 13, Pg 18 50