Exam 1 W 210 in class bring cheat

Exam #1 W 2/10 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 2/9 from 5 -7 pm, place TBA

Genotype Phenotype Genes code for proteins (or RNA). These gene products give rise to traits… It is rarely this simple.

Fig 14. 11 Human blood types Codominance: both alleles are fully expressed phenotype genotype AA or AO BB or BO AB (Codominance) OO

Fig 14. 10 Incomplete dominance gives rise to blending.

Fig 15. 6 Sex determination is normally inherited by whole chromosomes or by number of chromosomes.

Fig 15. 6 X/Y chromosomes in humans

The X chromosome has many genes; the Y chromosome only has genes for maleness.

Human X and Y chromosomes

Fig 15. 6 X/Y chromosomes in humans should give rise to equal numbers of males and females

105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?

Ratio of males to females, by age group (number of males per 100 females)

Sex-linked traits are genes located on the X chromosome Fig 15. 6

Color Blind Test

Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal; a= colorblind normal colorblind Fig 15. 7 No one affected, female carriers

Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal; a= colorblind normal Fig 15. 7 normal 50% of males affected, 0 % females affected

Fig 15. 7 Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal ; a= colorblind No one affected, female carriers 50% of males affected, 0 % female affected 50% males affected, 50% females affected

Fig 15. 16 Down syndrome is caused by too much information…trisomy 21, three of chromsome 21

How do females compensate for having two X chromosomes? Fig 15. 6

X inactivation in mammals: females are a mosiac of inactivated X chromosomes Fig 15. 8

Is this all of your DNA?

Mitochondria have their own DNA.

Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast have DNA

Endosymbiotic Theory - proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living bacteria to cellular organelles Fig 25. 9

Human Life Cycle Combination of two individuals DNA

Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring. Fig 47. 3 mitochondria

Human Life Cycle In females Mom provides 50. 000275% and Dad provides 49. 999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

Exam #1 W 2/10 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 2/9 from 5 -7 pm, place TBA