Ex 7 Climbing OBJECTIVE What you will learn

Ex. 7 - Climbing

OBJECTIVE What you will learn: P P How to climb at a variety of attitudes and airspeeds, taking into account: § obstacle clearance § visibility § engine cooling § ATC instructions § passenger comfort How to accurately level off at desired altitude and establish cruise. Ex. 7 - Climbing

MOTIVATION Why learn this? P Many factors need to be considered and accounted for when climbing P Learn to execute appropriate type of climb for a variety of scenarios ! no one type of climb will work for all situations! Ex. 7 - Climbing

LINKS Links You already have understanding of: P attitudes and movements P P power control mixture and carburetor heat control Today we put all these tools together to make the plane go up. Ex. 7 - Climbing

BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Let’s see how much you already know: Q What mixture setting should be used for climbs? Why? Q What should be carb heat position in a climb? Why? Q What effect does adding power have on yaw? Q How does one control yaw? Q What other movement can yaw induce if not controlled? Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Theories and Definitions P Best Angle of Climb (Vx) P Best Rate of Climb (Vy) P Normal Climb P Enroute Climb P Instruments in a Climb. Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Best Angle of Climb (Vx) Easy to remember: lots of angles! Greatest altitude gain in a given distance What is Vx for your plane? When is this useful? Shortest distance to gain given altitude DISADVANTAGES of Vx O poor forward visibility O engine may overheat! Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Best Rate of Climb (Vy) Greatest altitude gain in a given time What is Vy for your plane? When is this useful? Shortest time to gain given altitude Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Vx vs Vy Which climb is best rate and which is best angle? What would happen if you tried to pitch even higher and go even slower than Vx? best rate = Vy 25 best angle = Vx Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Normal Climb Find it in the POH Somewhat higher speed than best-rate. Optimal combination of: ü climb performance ü visibility ü engine cooling Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Vx vs Vy vs Normal Climb best rate = Vy normal climb 25 best angle = Vx Ex. 7 - Climbing

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS Enroute Climb Between normal climb and normal cruise speed Use when in no hurry to get to altitude Best for: ü forward visibility ü engine cooling ü passenger comfort Ex. 7 - Climbing

Instruments in Climb THEORIES & DEFINITIONS What instruments are moving during a steady climb? Ex. 7 - Climbing

PROCEDURES Procedures P Climb § Entry from Cruise § During § Leveling Out. Ex. 7 - Climbing

PROCEDURES Climb: Entry from Cruise Cockpit check: oil T+P in the green, carb heat cold, mixture rich Look-out! Attitude Power Trim • pull back on the yoke to set nose-up attitude How will power affect yaw? • full power • check airspeed at correct value Go up to your APT • retrim airplane Ex. 7 - Climbing

PROCEDURES Climb: During P Lower the nose every 500 ft for look-out P Maintain coordinated flight with rudder P Maintain straight flight with ailerons P Cross-check airspeed indicator to maintain appropriate climb speed Ex. 7 - Climbing

PROCEDURES Climb: Leveling Out Begin leveling out at 10% of rate of climb Attitude • push yoke forward to return to cruise attitude • allow plane accelerate to cruise speed Power • power back to normal cruise setting If climbing up to 4500 feet at 500 feet per minute, begin leveling out at… How will this affect yaw? Trim • retrim airplane • lean mixture as appropriate Ex. 7 - Climbing

CONSIDERATIONS Considerations P Air Density P Other Factors § Weight § Carb Heat § Flaps § Landing Gear. Ex. 7 - Climbing

CONSIDERATIONS Air Density: Effect on Climb The 3 Deadly H’s ! HEIGHT ! HEAT What effect to they have on air density? What effect does low air density have on climb performance? ! HUMIDITY Ex. 7 - Climbing

CONSIDERATIONS Other Factors: Effect on Climb P Weight more work to bring heavier plane up Why? P P Carb heat Flaps mixture too rich add lift, but also drag What else increases drag? P Landing Gear adds drag DECREASED CLIMB PERFORMANCE Where can you look up climb performance? Can we always count on getting POH numbers? Ex. 7 - Climbing

SAFETY ! Cockpit check before all climbs ! Look-out before and during climb § lower nose every 500 feet to check for traffic ! Avoid excessive pitching up, especially near the ground § may lead to a stall ! Avoid climbs at Vx for long periods of time § inadequate engine cooling Ex. 7 - Climbing

REVIEW Review: Q What is the difference between best rate of climb, best angle of climb, and normal climb? Should be memorized! Q What are your plane’s airspeeds for those climbs? Q What is the procedure for entering a climb from cruise? Q What is the procedure for leveling out? Q Why do we keep full power for several seconds after leveling out? Ex. 7 - Climbing

CONCLUSION Conclusion P You now understand how climbing works, and how to climb to desired altitude using the right tool (type of climb) for the job P Next lesson: Ex. 8 - Descending Ex. 7 - Climbing