EWASTE COUNTRY STUDY ETHIOPIA TADESSE AMERA PANETHIOPIA MAY

E-WASTE COUNTRY STUDY ETHIOPIA TADESSE AMERA PAN-ETHIOPIA MAY 2, 2013 -SWITZERLAND, GENEVA

Outline Background E-products in Ethiopia E-waste mgt practices Downstream market Legal framework Recommendation

1. Background PAN-Ethiopia IPEN ICCM 2 ISIP Federal EPA-AAP GEF

2. E-products in Ethiopia E-product utilization is more in urban areas Recent developments are also trying to connect rural areas Dry cell battery and solar pannel utilization is getting high Emphasis should be given to the growth trend and the risk of poor management even with few quantities

3. Manufacturing and imports There are various producers of EEE located in and around Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar Tecno mobile Ethiopia Tana communications Smadl Geotel

3. . imports There are major importers of EEE Majority of the mobile phones on the Ethiopian market are illegally smuggled into the country, in part to avoid paying the high import taxes

3. . imports A significant volume of ICT equipment is also imported and distributed under the auspices of ICT 4 D- projects The Computer Refurbishment and Training Centre (CRTC)the only one trying to deal with proper mgt

4. Data on stocks and volumes Ethiopia has ratified the Basel Convention has put in place some start-up measures for the management of e- waste. A survey was conducted in four major Ethiopian cities (Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa and Hawassa) focusing on four selected types of EEE: personal computers and related accessories Television sets and related accessories mobile phones refrigerators

Table 1. Total number of electrical and electronic devices legally imported into Ethiopia, 2004 -2011 2004 41, 974 21, 388 Number of mobile phones & accessories 17, 179 2005 387, 642 204, 672 310, 633 55, 662 2006 331, 939 342, 201 1, 051, 048 77, 051 2007 520, 889 390, 677 50, 507 89, 306 2008 260, 025 333, 683 193, 728 116, 921 2009 331, 303 411, 307 379, 980 98, 245 2010 284, 005 490, 779 429, 644 122, 641 2011 263, 116 177, 047 346, 084 53, 368 Year Number of computer & accessories Number of TVs & accessories Number of refrigerators & accessories 5, 620

Table 2. Estimated total stock, by weight (t), of nonfunctional equipment in Ethiopia’s 10 largest cities in 2011 Type of equipment Personal Computers TVs Mobile Phones Refrigerators Total Stock of non-functional equipment in the 10 largest cities of Ethiopia in 2011 3, 200 t 510 t 3 t 590 t 4, 300 t

5. E-waste management practices 4. 1 Solid waste mgt situation Waste management is handled by Government NGOs Private companies and SMEs However, most of the solid waste is collected without sorting E-waste mixed with municipal solid waste

6. E-waste management. . . 4. 1 Solid waste mgt situation. . . Mixed waste is disposed in open dumps Addis Ababa (Upper picture) and Bahirdar (Second picture) Valuable materials including parts of e-waste are collected by waste pickers However, majority of bigger ewaste items are stored in households and institutions

7. Repair shops Most of the maintenance shops were willing to pay for collectors to take away their non-functional electrical and electronic equipment, but they do not care whether the ewaste is actually disposed of properly

8. E-waste collection Three types The manufacturers of mobile phones in Ethiopia partly maintain service centres where damaged phones can be handed in for repair or exchange The Computer Refurbishment and Training Centre (CRTC) As part of the effort to make the DMF, Mo. FED has written a circular letter to all federal ministries to hand over stored end-of-life EEE to the MCIT Some moderate volumes of e-waste are collected and managed by scrap metal collectors and recyclers

9. Disposal There is no hazardous waste disposal facility in Ethiopia Cement kilns as disposal options were raised as a topic of research Kilns were also studied if applicable to dispose obsolete pesticides However studies showed that Cement kilns can not qualify as means of disposal because of high environmental and health risks

10. Downstream market E-waste fraction for downstream market are: Copper cables- for local market Printed wiring boards (PWBs) and IC-contacts-Intn’l Copper-steel-plastic mixes- local and/or International Pure copper (e. g. from CRT yokes)-International Plastics (with flame retardants)-Hazardous CRT-glass- Hazardous To date, the downstream markets are not utilized for ewaste management in Ethiopia

11. Legal Framework National The FEPA of Ethiopia has formulated a new regulation on Management and Disposal of E-Waste under the Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation of 2002. Internationally-at ICCM 3 the African region was the main negotiator for the inclusion of the life cycle approach to EEE management in the GPA. This decision received full acceptance by the parties and also reflected positively on the African resolution.

12. Recommendation Further develop the e- waste collection from offices and businesses-√ Optimize pre-processing and storage in the DMF- √ Widen the scope of CRTC to other EEEs- √ Develop solutions for non-valuable fractions- √ Develop a national e- waste mgt strategy- √ Take into account the whole life cycle of electrical and electronic products- √ Develop a financing mechanism legal obligations on producers and importers within the framework of Extended Producer Responsibility schemes (EPR) should get emphasis- √

THANK YOU!

Ethiopian E-waste Management Project

Project Overview § Duration: • 24 months, • Start in April 2013 § Project leader • UNIDO • Project manager: Smail Alhilali § National responsibility for project • MCIT • E-EPA

Objectives § Establish national e-waste strategy • Regulatory measures for sound e-waste management • Financing, sound collection, treatment, disposal • Capacity building, training, etc. § Enlargement of current operations in Akaki • • Review and upscale infrastructure and operations Identify downstream markets Business model for long-term sustainability Introduction of EHM standards § Regional approach

Financing § Cash • GEF/UNIDO (1 mil. USD) • MCIT (275, 000 USD for Akaki) • International partners (190, 000 USD) − US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade Asset Recycling, − In-kind contributions • (MCIT, E-EPA, St. EP/UNU, US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade, Dell, …)

UNIDO Supervises Reports Approves NC + Team Reports Approves Informs Supports National Ewaste Stakeholder Forum GEF Chair: MCIT and E-EPA SC Contributes Policy Alignment IPC Re Ad port vis s es E-waste Activities in Eastern Africa Chair: St. EP AG Exchange Ethiopian E-waste Management Project Exchange IMC Stakeholder Group (Optional)

Status § International and National Coordinator selected § Steering Committee and Advisory Group in place § Works will be started in April § First Task: Identification and assessment of downstream markets

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Elisabeth Herbeck UNIDO