EVOLUTION Taxonomy Science of classification of organisms Dichotomous

EVOLUTION Taxonomy Science of classification of organisms

Dichotomous Keys A series of paired statements used to identify an organism (Do you know how to use a dichotomous key? )

8 Levels of Classification • • Domain Kingdom Phylum (Phyla-pl) or Division Class Order Family Genus (Genera-pl) Species (plants)

(Can you list the levels of classification in order? Remember: King Philip Came Over For Good Soup Do you understand the levels get smaller and more specific as you go down? )

Human Classification • Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • Species sapiens You don’t have to know the specific levels, except genus & species

Primates

Family Hominidae

Can you guess what these are? (Don’t have to know these. Examples. ) • Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Reptilia • Order Chelonia • Family Emydidae • Genus Terrapene • Species carolina Eukarya Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Culicidae Theobaldia anulata

First to classify organisms

Carolus Linnaeus The father of modern taxonomy – proposed binomial nomenclature

Old Scientific Name of European Honeybee • Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabis, untrinque margine ciliatus

Today, its scientific name is • Apis mellifera

• Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature – a two name system for writing scientific names • A scientific name is the organism’s genus and species

Why do biologists use scientific names? • Common names can be misleading • Scientific names are specific for each type of organism and can’t be confused

FROGMOUTH –does this look like a frog?

JELLYFISH – is it really a fish?

GUINEA PIGS – are they a type of pig?

SEA CUCUMBERS – are they plants or animals?

SEAHORSE – is it a horse?

ROBIN OR ROBIN? Which one are you referring to when you say robin?

LADYBUGS – are they all female? Are they bugs?

PINE TREE – which type of pine tree are you referring to? • Ponderosa? • Loblolly? • White? • Rocky Mountain? • Virginia?

DOMAINS • Since the bacteria are so different in their molecular structure, 2 domains are used to show their diversity • 3 Domains of living things v Bacteria (common prokaryotes v. Archaea (prokaryotes that live in harsh environments)

v. Domain Eukaryo • Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are in the Domain Eukarya

Some Bacteria

Some Archaea

• Kingdom Protista – (protists); eukaryotes; some have cell walls; most unicellular; some autotrophs (make their own food) and some heterotrophs (take in food from the environment; some locomote and some immobile

Some Protists

• Kingdom Fungi – (fungi); eukaryotes; cell walls; most multicellular; heterotrophic; immobile

Some Fungi

• Kingdom Plantae – (plants); eukaryotes; cell walls of cellulose; multicellular; all autotrophs; immobile

Some Plants

• Kingdom Animalia – (animals); eukaryotes; no cell walls; multicellular; heterotrophs; nerves

Taxonomy is Constantly Revised • https: //www. m sn. com/enus/news/msn/n ew-sharkspeciesdiscovered-indepths-of-theatlantic/ar. BBJGzr. V New shark species discovered by analyzing DNA