Evolution Part 1 Heading Vocabulary Important Info Thanks

Evolution (Part 1) Heading Vocabulary Important Info Thanks Warrin Science

Incorrect Theories of Evolution: Lamarck • Lamarck proposed an incorrect mechanism for how organisms evolve – Simple life forms continually came into existence from dead matter – Continually become more complex – More "perfect" -- as they transformed into new species. • He correctly pointed out that change in species is linked to an organism’s environment.

Linnaeus (1707 -1778) • • • Swedish Botanist Tried to Classify all of life on earth Kingdoms, Classes, Orders, Genera, & Species He influenced Darwin’s Theories Today we classify life by this order: 1. Kingdom (Keep) 2. Phylum (Pots) 3. Subphylum(Sparkling) 4. Class (Clean) 5. Order (or) 6. Family (Food) 7. Genus (gets) 8. Species (Stuck!)

Who Was Charles Darwin Label your paper : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Write 5 facts from the short video clip on Darwin… http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/evolutio n/library/11/2/e_s_2. html

Darwin’s Observations • Animals on the coast of S. America: – Resembled those on the nearby islands – Evolved differences Or – Descended w/ modification after separating from a common ancestor.

Darwin’s Great Voyage!!! http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lesson 2/act 1. html

Evolution (Part 2) IN 15 & 17 Heading Vocabulary Important Info

Growth of Populations • Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus • He wrote: Populations grow as much as the environment allows.

Evolution by Natural Selection • The process of: “Survival of the Fittest” Fittest • Organisms that adapt to their environment survive while those that do not adapt disappear • N. S. leads to adaptations in a population.

Label Paper: 1. Genetic Variation a. b. Natural Selection Video http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/evol ution/library/11/2/e_s_4. html 6 min 39 sec https: //www. youtub e. com/watch? v=KD PLig 4 l. MFo 2. Overproduction of Offspring a. b. 3. Struggle for Existence a. b. 4. Differential Survival & Reproduction a. b.

Darwin’s Ideas Updated 1) Change Within Populations • N. S. causes the frequency of certain alleles in a population to change over time. 2) Species Formation • Under certain conditions, change within a species due to reproductive isolation can lead to new species. 3) The Tempo of Evolution • Gradualism is a process of evolution in which speciation occurs gradually • Punctuated Equilibrium is a process in which speciation occurs rapidly between periods of little or no change.

Evidence of Evolution-Formation of Fossils • Evidence of orderly change can be seen when fossils are arranged according to their age.

Anatomy and Development Vestigial Structures • Reduced or nonfunctional vestigial structures – hind limbs in whales • provide evidence of an organism’s evolutionary history.

Whale Evolution Video Label Paper 1 -5 http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/evolution/ library/03/4/l_034_05. html 5 min, 9 sec https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=c. Flj. Tj. Jwy 1 k

Homologous Structures • Structures in different organism that indicate a shared ancestry – include vertebrate forelimb.

Evidence of Evolution-Biological Molecules Proteins • MORE differences in amino acid sequences of distantly related species • LESS differences between species that are more closely related. Nucleic Acids (what is a nucleic acid? ? ? ) • MORE differences in DNA sequences b/t distant relatives • LESS differences between species that are more closely related.

Examples of Evolution-Natural Selection at Work 1) Factors in Natural Selection • Organisms w/traits helping them survive—reproduce & pass genes. 2) Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance • Experiments show that evolution through N. S. has occurred within populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria – Tuberculosis bacteria 3) Evolution in Darwin’s Finches • Experiments show that evolution through N. S. has occurred in beak size in Darwin’s Finches.

Formation of New Species 1) Speciation • Speciation begins as a population adapts to its environment. 2) Forming Subspecies • Populations of the same species that differ genetically b/c of adaptations to different living conditions are called: subspecies • Newly formed subspecies are on the road towards speciation. 3) Maintaining New Species • Reproductive isolation through barriers keeps species from breeding with one another.

Dichotomous Keys • Tool used when new species is found • Used to categorize different species based on physical characteristics • Classification is a way of separating a large group of closely related organisms into smaller subgroups. • A Dichotomous Key is a listing of characteristics, such as structure and behavior, organized in such a way that an organism can be identified or classified.