Evolution Of Human Flight Aerospace Engineering 2011 Project

Evolution Of Human Flight Aerospace Engineering © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Why Human Flight? The desire to fly is an idea handed down to us by our ancestors who. . . looked enviously on the birds soaring freely through space. . . on the infinite highway of the air. ~ Wilbur Wright

Aerospace Engineering • How did we progress? • Applying science, technology and math through engineering

Early Aerospace Engineering • Creative thinking is crucial • Leonardo da Vinci (Lived 1452 -1519) • Factors such as technology prevented the idea from becoming reality 600+ years ago Drawing of a Flying Machine Model of a Flying Machine

Lighter Than Air • Designing and flying a lighter than air vehicle was an important step • Montgolfier brothers, 1782 • What inspired lighter than air flight? – Rising smoke

Heavier Than Air Vehicles • Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the Wright Flyer on December 14, 1903 – Flew 120 feet in 12 seconds @ 6. 8 mph • Built on concepts from others – Horizontal and vertical surfaces – Elements of wing design

Aerospace Engineering Growth • In one century human flight progressed from a flight of 6. 8 mph to thousands of mph for aircraft and tens of thousands mph for spacecraft • How? – STEM • • Science Technology Engineering Math – Image, design, test, fail, learn, try again

Commercial Aviation • Catalysts for growth – Legislation – Competition and fame • Charles Lindbergh – First non-stop crossing of Atlantic ocean (1927) – Won the Orteig Prize as result • Amelia Earhart – First woman non-stop crossing of Atlantic ocean (1932) – Need for fast transportation • Mail delivery • Paying passengers

Military • Word War I through start WWII – Engineers developed: • More efficient aircraft • Better engines • World War II – Demand for aircraft was extreme – Advances in aerospace engineering and manufacturing capability made this possible • Aircraft performance • Navigation aids • RADAR

Increasing Performance • Supersonic flight – Aerospace engineers continued to learn – Captain Chuck Yeager flew Mach 1. 06 (~700 mph @ 43, 000) in 1946

Continued Development • Commercial aircraft • Personal general aviation aircraft • Sport such as hang gliders

Rotorcraft • Leonardo da Vinci helicopter concept circa 1480 • Igor Sikorsky engineers wide scale production of helicopters in 1944 • Engineer to design, test, fail, improve

Space Flight • Rocketry – Chinese credited as using in 1, 232 AD based on development of black powder. – Russian space scientist Tsiolkovsky developed equations in 1903 to reach space

Space Flight • Rocketry – American Robert Goddard • Considered the father of modern rocket propulsion • First liquid fueled rocket launch in 1926

Space Race • Competition Drives Accomplishment – United States and Soviet Union (Russia) space race • Similar to Lindbergh crossing the Atlantic to win a prize in 1927 • First Satellite is put in orbit by Soviet Union in Oct, 1957 • First animal in space by Soviet Union in Nov, 1957 • United States successfully launched its first Satellite (Explorer I) in Jan, 1958 • US passes the National Aeronautics and Space Act creating NASA in Oct, 1958

Space Race • Competition Drives Accomplishment – US and Soviet Union race to space • President Kennedy proclaims in 1961 that the US should commit to landing on moon within the decade • How can that be done? • That’s what the US needed to figure out! • Nine years of intense engineering, failure and learning

Space Race • America won the race to the moon • Neil Armstrong stepped on the moon July 20, 1969 • Success through determination

Space • Engineering is foundation for continued exploration

Space Competition • Competition Drives Accomplishment – Inspired by • Lindbergh crossing Atlantic to win a prize in 1927 • US and Soviet Union (Russia) space race – X Prize Foundation series of competitions • Ansari XPRIZE – $10 M to build and fly a three-passenger vehicle 100 km into space twice within two weeks. • Google Lunar XPRIZE • Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander X CHALLENGE

Aerospace Engineering • What’s next? • Apply science and math through engineering

References Chapple, G. (Photographer) (2012). Space shuttle endeavour over hawthorne airport Crouch, T. (2004). Wings. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Dalton, S. (1999). The Miracle of flight. Kingston, Ontario: Bookmakers Press Inc. . Garber, S. (2007). Sputnik and the dawn of the space age. Retrieved from http: //history. nasa. gov/sputnik/ Grant, R. G. (2007). Flight: The complete history. New York: DK Publishing. Library of Congress (1903). First flight. Retrieved from http: //www. loc. gov/pictures/resource/ppprs. 00626/

References National Museum of the US Airforce (2008). Cv-22 B arrival. Retrieved from http: //www. nationalmuseum. af. mil/shared/media/photodb /photos/2013/12/131212 -F-DW 547 -004. jpg NASA (2004). Apollo 11 first footprint on the moon. Retrieved from http: //www. nasa. gov/audience/forstudents/k 4/home/F_Apollo_11. html NASA (1926). First flight of a liquid propellant rocket. Retrieved from http: //grin. hq. nasa. gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002000132. html

References NASA (2009). First generation x-1. Retrieved from http: //www. nasa. gov/centers/dryden/news/Fact. Sheets/F S-085 -DFRC. html#. Uu. LVDh. Ao 5 pg NASA (2014). Ideal rocket equations. Retrieved from http: //exploration. grc. nasa. gov/education/rocket/rktpow. h tml NASA Human Space Flight (2010). Shuttle sts-132. Retrieved from http: //spaceflight. nasa. gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts 132/hires/s 132 e 012208. jpg NASA (1974). Skylab and Earth Limb. http: //dayton. hq. nasa. gov/IMAGES/LARGE/GPN-2000001055. jpg

References NASA. Sputnik and the dawn of the space age. http: //history. nasa. gov/sputnik/ NASA Marshall Space Flight Center History Office (2014). Chinese soldier launches fire arrow. Retrieved from http: //history. msfc. nasa. gov/rocketry/03. html NASA Marshall Space Flight Center History Office (2014). Tsiolkovsk rocket designs. Retrieved from http: //history. msfc. nasa. gov/rocketry/03. html National Museum of the US Air Force (2008). Boeing y 1 b 17 in flight. Retrieved from http: //www. nationalmuseum. af. mil/shared/media/photodb /photos/060512 -F-1234 S-008. jpg

References National Museum of the US Air Force. Sputnik 1. Retrieved from http: //www. nationalmuseum. af. mil/shared/media/photodb /photos/070308 -F-1234 S-001. jpg Presidential Library and Museum (2014). Historic speeches. Retrieved from http: //www. jfklibrary. org/JFK/Historic. Speeches. aspx Senson, B. and Ritter, J. (2011). Aerospace engineering: from the ground up. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. Scaled Composites, LLC (2011). About us. Retrieved from www. scaled. com

References Space. X Exploration Technologies (2011). Company. Retrieved from www. spacex. com Wikimedia (2006). A basic flexible-wing glider flying over the alps. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Hg_winter_2006. jpg Wikimedia (2009). Leonardo da Vinci helicopter and lifting wing. Retrieved from hhttp: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Leonardo_da_Vi nci_helicopter_and_lifting_wing. jpg Wikipedia (2005). Design for a Flying Machine. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Design_for_a_Flying_Ma chine. jpg

References Wikipedia (2012). Douglas dc-3 of aigle azur. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Douglas_DC 3_Aigle_Azur_Palas_Jet_1953. jpg Wikipedia (2007). Early flight. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Early_flight_02562 u_(2). j pg Wikipedia (2009). Leonardo flying machine. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Leonardo_flying_machin e. JPG Wikipedia (2007). R-4 ac hns 1 3 300. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: R 4_AC_HNS 1_3_300. jpg

References Wikipedia (2006). Spirit of st. louis. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Spirit_of_St. _Louis. jpg Wikimedia (2012). Boeing 787 first flight. Retrieved from http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Boeing_787_first_flight. jp g United States Coast Guard (2013). Advanced helicopter rescue school. Retrieved from http: //www. uscg. mil/d 13/sectcolrvr/other. Ast. Units/advhelo rescueschool. asp X Prize Foundation. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http: //www. xprize. org/