Evolution of Blast Chamber Technology for Demilitarization by

Evolution of Blast Chamber Technology for Demilitarization by Mark S. Morris, President De. Mil International, Inc 13921 Park Center Drive, Suite 600 Herndon, VA 20171 © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Convergence of Drivers Demand New Technologies n Environmental Protection: Need for alternative approaches to open detonation and open burning (OB/OD) n Obsolete or Unserviceable Ammunition and Threat Reduction: Reduce stores of conventional munitions n Recovered CWM: Technological alternatives for recovered chemical warfare material destruction © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Keys to Effective Controlled Detonation Technology n Provide an important technological alternative that is proven: l Versatile l Effective l Environmentally Protective l Durable © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

The Donovan CDC n Eliminates: Overpressure, thermal hazards; fragmentation hazards n Protects against noise, soil and groundwater pollution n Treats air discharges as necessary n Effective for conventional ordnance, chemical warfare material, smoke containing munitions and fireworks © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. The T-10 Transportable Model CDC for UXO Cleanup Can Detonate 13 pounds Net Explosive Weight (TNT)

CDC Flow Diagram Preparati on with “Donor” Explosive Detonation Chamber l Fragments and debris contained in chamber l Detonation temp destroys organic content l © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. Air Pollution Control Unit (APCU) Expansion Tank Blast wave dampene d l APCU as necessary to meet project and regulatory requirements Treated Air Discharge

Chambers Are Sized for Different Purposes © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Transportable Model CDCs for UXO Cleanup T-10 Model has a NEW of 13 lb TNT T-30 Model has a NEW of 40 lbs TNT Expansion Tank Detonation Chamber APCU Generator © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. Expansion Tank APCU Generator

Fixed CDC Systems for Higher Productivity and Large Ordnance D-100 and D-200 provide large capacity and high productivity D-60 can be set us as either fixed or transportable system for large capacity and moderate productivity © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Belgium Project Proved the CDC’s Ability to Destroy CWM n Testing completed by US Army and Belgium MOD on recovered WWI CWM: l l l 77 77 77 81 81 mm mm mm CLARK (I and II) mustard phosgene smoke white phosphorous n n Joint US Army and Belgium MOD report concluded CDC capable of destroying CWM shells Additional testing recommended to implement lessons learned CDC has destroyed 1000 77 mm CLARK shells to date Uses a relatively simple APCU design Recovered CWM at Poekapelle Belgium T-10 CDC at Poekapelle Belgium © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

TC-25 Model for Destruction of Chemical Warfare Materials n Testing by US Army concluded: l l l n Each CWM item safely handled No chemical agent detected outside the system Decontamination by heat to below detection levels no use of liquids Same CDC system can destroy chemical, conventional and smoke munitions © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. “TC-25 CDC was demonstrated to safely and effectively destroy recovered chemical munitions with or without explosive components”, Final Demonstration Test Report, 2003

Various Munitions and Chemical Agents Destroyed in CDC Systems Munitions & Material n n n n High Explosives Projectiles Mortars Mines Fuzes Misc. energetics White Phosphorus © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. Chemical Agents n n Mustard Lewsite, CLARK Phosgene Smoke

CDC Environmental Testing Results n Air Emissions Testing l Low emission rate for Criteria Pollutants: • • l l CO (7900 ppmv) NOx (NO 2) (9. 3 ppmv) Particulate Matter = 1. 8 mg/dscm VOCs (10 -20 mg/dscm) No SVOCs or energetics detected Metals: Mg (2440 ug/dscm), Mn, Fe, Zn, Al and Cu (100 -400 ug/dscm) attributable to pea gravel © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

CDC Environmental Testing Results n Solid Waste Characterization (pea gravel and Torit filter dust samples analyzed for TCLP parameters) l l TCLP Volatiles (MEK at 0. 055, limit 200 mg/L) No detection of semivolatiles and TCLP metals RDX detected in pea gravel (0. 74 mg/kg) and dust (0. 069 mg/kg) Total metals in pea gravel comparable pre and post test except for increases in Cr (1. 8 to 6. 1 mg/kg) and Cu (3. 3 to 161 mg/kg) © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

CDC Environmental Testing Results n Worker Protection Monitoring l l Particulate Matter (inside the chamber) = 9. 3 ± 15 mg/m 3. OSHA limit of 10 mg/m 3 (respiratory protection required) VOCs were below OSHA TWA concentrations Magnesium, iron, and aluminum averaged 0. 32, 0. 083, and 0. 033 mg/m 3, respectively (OSHA limits at or above 5 mg/m 3) Noise monitoring results (OSHA Limit 85 d. BA 8 -hr and 140 d. BC instantaneous): • Det Chamber baseline = 55 d. BA at chamber door, instantaneous peak at detonation = 145 db. A • Near generator = 80 -95 d. BA © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Fragmentation Control Is Key to Durability n Expertise in controlling fragmentation is key to protecting interior armor n Fragments are controlled by proper configuration of donor counter charge Before and After Detonation Armor Plate Bolted to Chamber Wall © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.

Summary n Effective: CDC technology is proven effective for destroying conventional munitions, chemical munitions and other energetic/explosive items n Versatile: Fixed and mobile systems are follow same basic design principle n Environmentally Protective: Standard air pollution control proven effective n Durable: Fragmentation control is key to maximizing durability © CH 2 M HILL 2002. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.