Evolution Evidence for Evolution Other Evidence for Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution

Other Evidence for Evolution: l l l Adaptations – Camouflage, Mimicry Fossils Anatomy Embryology Biochemistry – DNA Evidence

Structural adaptations have been observed in populations of birds, insects, and many other organisms. l Example: Camouflage adaptations of mantids that live in different environments…

Adaptations: Camouflage Hi! Scorpion fish

Adaptations: Mimicry moth caterpillar katydid

Adaptations: Mimicry viceroy butterfly monarch butterfly

Analyzing Fossil Evidence l Fossil: a trace of a long-dead organism l Biological diversity: many different fossils found showing different species or subspecies. l Episodic speciation: time when a large number of species appear l Mass extinction: brief periods in time where large numbers of species disappeared (Ex: dinosaurs)

Fossils The fossil record provides evidence for theory of evolution. Elephant evolution based on fossils

Sedimentary Fossil Formation

Pair Share l In your own words, explain how mimicry is different from camouflage.

Anatomy: § Homologous structures: similar in function and organisms do share common origin. Forearm bones in mammals

Homologous structures

Anatomy: • Analogous structures: similar in function, but organisms do not share a common origin. Example: Insect wings and bird wings.

Anatomy: l Vestigial structures: body parts that have lost their function over time and are now useless. l Examples: human appendix

Embryology: Vertebrate embryos are similar, pointing to common origin.

Embryology Developmental homology

Biochemistry l Biochemistry: Similarities in DNA sequence and thus amino acid sequence point to a common origin. The fewer the differences, the more closely related two organisms are. l Cladogram: Visual way to show closely related species are. l

Pair Share Refer to the illustration. The bones labeled A are known as a) vestigial structures. b) sequential structures. c) homologous structures. d) fossil structures. l

Pair Share Evidence for evolution includes all of the following except a) some members of the same species show different traits. b) similarities and differences in protein and DNA sequences between organisms. c) the fossil record. d) homologous structures l

Pair Share The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species a. evolved in the same habitat. b. evolved in different habitats. c. descended from a common ancestor. d. descended from different ancestors.