EVOLUTION CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION n Grouping organisms based on
EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION n Grouping organisms based on similarities. n n This is the science of TAXONOMY Classification is based on common ancestors with: n n n Similar structures/anatomy Similar biochemical makeup Similar embryonic development
TAXONOMY n n n n KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES* n (least similar) (most similar) *NOTE: members of the same SPECIES can mate and produce fertile offspring.
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE n We use a 2 part naming system to identify an organism, using their GENUS and SPECIES. n Ex. Humans are Homo sapien
THE KINGDOMS n Monera n n n Single-celled organisms Heterotrophs No nucleus (prokaryotic) n Ex. Bacteria
THE KINGDOMS n Protista (Protists) n Two different groups n n Heterotrophs (protozoa) Autotrophs (alga) Single-celled organisms Have a nucleus (eukaryotic) n Ex. § Amoeba (heterotroph) § Algae (autotroph)
THE KINGDOMS n Fungi n n Multi-cellular Heterotrophs (non-photosynthetic) n Ex. Mushrooms & Yeast § There are 14, 000 different species of mushroom
THE KINGDOMS n Plant n n Multi-cellular Autotrophs n Ex. Tree & Bush
THE KINGDOMS n Animal n n Multi-cellular Heterotrophs n Ex. Birds
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM n Divided into different phyla. n Coelentrates n Hollow body cavity with one opening § Ex. Jellyfish & Hydra n Annelids n Segmented bodies & tube within a tube body cavity § Ex. Earthworm n Arthropods n Segmented bodies, jointed legs, exoskeleton § Ex. Grasshopper & Lobster n Chordates n Have a backbone with dorsal nerve § Ex. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
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