EVOLUTION Chapter 10 Page 26 Charles Darwin Darwins
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EVOLUTION Chapter 10 Page 26
Charles Darwin
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution n Evolution, or change over time, is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
How do you think Darwin came up with his theory?
Voyage of the Beagle
Voyage of Beagle YEAR: 1831 n Captain: Charles Darwin n Ship: H. M. S. Beagle n Destination: Galapagos Islands near the continent of. n Findings: evidence for showing how life changes over time. n
Fossils
Living Organisms and Fossils n As Darwin studied fossils, new questions arose. u Why had so many of these species disappeared? u How were they related to living species?
The Galapagos Island n Darwin was fascinated in particular by the land tortoises and marine iguanas in the Galápagos. n The shape of a tortoise's shell could be used to identify which island a particular tortoise inhabited.
Animals
The Journey Home n Hypothesis: Separate species may have arose from an original ancestor
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution n (Giraffe necks) Inheritance of Acquired Traits Are you still paying Attention?
Struggle For Existence & Survival of The Fittest
Natural Selection n Over time, natural selection results in changes in inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment
Evolution by Natural Selection n The Struggle to Survive-members of each species have to compete for food, shelter, other life necessities
Steps of Natural Selection The Struggle to Survive - members of each species have to compete for food, shelter, or other life necessities n Over Production - Some will survive others will not n Inherited Variation - every species has its own set of traits n Successful Reproduction - Best adapted to its environment they are more likely to have offspring that will survive. n
Evidence of Evolution n n The Fossil Record Geographic Distribution of Living Things-similar environments have similar types of organisms Homologous Body Structures Similarities in Early Development
Evidence for Evolution n Vestigial organs-organs that serve no useful function in an organism n i. e. ) appendix, miniature legs, arms
Summary of Darwin’s Theory n Individuals in nature differ from one another n Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not reproduce.
Summary of Darwin’s Theory n Because more organisms produce than can survive, each species must struggle for resources n Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence
Summary (cont. ) n Individuals best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successfully n Species change over time
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