Evolution and Natural Selection Evolution Standard 8 Evolution

Evolution and Natural Selection Evolution, Standard 8: Evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments. a. Students KNOW how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms. b. Students KNOW a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some organisms survive major changes in the environment. e. Students KNOW how to analyze fossil evidence with regard to biological diversity, episodic speciation and mass extinction.

Evolution Video Write down the following questions under standard 8. 1. What was Charles Darwin's definition of evolution? 2. Darwin said, “All living things have the ability to ____, but ____ are limited, there is competition to find food and water, to mate and to _______. 3. What type of virus changes every year to adapt to vaccines? 4. How many muscles are in an elephants trunk? 5. What are the “in-between” fossils called that “transition” from one animal to the next in evolution? 6. Describe how ears of an elephant keep the African Elephants cool? How many gallons of blood can flow through the ears in 20 minutes? 7. Describe artificial selection. Give 3 examples of dogs that have changed because of artificial selection.

Evolution / Natural Selection • How did natural selection help Darwin’s Finches survive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Evolution and Natural Selection Charles Darwin

Evolution and Natural Selection The Galapagos Islands

Evolution and Natural Selection Darwin’s Finches As Charles Darwin ventured away from the boat to capture and view species on the island, he formed a hypothesis that the different finches evolved to be more successful at hunting and thus survived. This made Darwin Famous.

Evolution and Natural Selection Darwin’s Finches He noticed that each bird had a different beak enabling it to be successful in collecting different types of food. Darwin proposed that all the finches came from one common ancestral finch.

Evolution / Natural Selection • How did natural selection help Darwins Finches survive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Evolution / Natural Selection • Describe Natural • (write your own notes) Selection (moths as example) • How does genetic diversity ensure some species will survive?

Natural Selection in action INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION In the 1800’s there were 2 types of Pepper moth in England - a light colored variety and a dark colored variety. Both rested on light colored trees. The light colored moth flourished on the light colored tree, but as the industrial revolution took shape, TONS of carbon (black smoke) filled the air and covered the trees, turning them almost black. * What do you think happened to the different populations of moth as the Industrial Revolution continued?

Natural Selection in action INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1845 - 1865 - 1890 -

Natural Selection in action Peppered Moth Peppered moths have survived their environment because they produce both dark and light variations. Each adapt and survive better in different environments

Daily Questions # 10 1. Define natural selection in your own words. 2. Name at least 2 reasons you believe (or have heard) that dinosaurs have gone extinct. 3. Out of 100% of all the animals that ever existed, what % of animals are alive today? 4. What type of organism do you think is the most abundant in the world? 5. Why do you think woodpeckers do not get concussions? 6. Name 5 animals with a SPECIFIC trait, that is unique to them that helps them survive.

Evolution and Natural Selection Evolution Species transform much with their environment into being able to survive better. Natural Selection is the process by which species with favorable traits tend to survive better than those without. Here is a video of one such complex organism evolving.

Who would survive a catastrophe better? Dogs or Elephants? How many species of dogs do you think there are? Over 200! Give me some names…

Evolution and Natural Selection Natural selection is where organisms evolve with traits that help them survive. For example Giraffes have long necks to reach the tops of trees for food. Species encounter many obstacles that, unless overcome, will cause them to become extinct. We can see many species and figure out how they had to evolve to survive.

Evolution and Natural Selection Polar Bears are fit for their environment because their fur is hollow. The fur grows bacteria and keeps the bear warm and afloat as it swims. Regular bears do not have this.

Who would survive a catastrophe better? Dogs or Elephants? How many species of dogs do you think there are? Over 200! How many species of Elephants are there? 2 main (African/Elephant) with some subspecies. A total of 6.

African Elephants (big ears) • Divided into 2 sub species – Savannah and forest elephant

Asian Elephants (Little ears) • Divided into 4 sub species – Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) – Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus) – Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatrensis) – Borneo (or Pygmy) elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis)

Evolution / Natural Selection • Why would the number of species help ensure survival through a disaster? • The more variations of a species that exist, the better chance of survival of that species. • 99% of all animals ever in existence have gone extinct.

Evolution / Natural Selection • Compare Natural Selection with Genetic Drift. • Genetic drift is not natural selection. Some animals (by chance) leave behind MORE offspring than others because of outside factors. NOT because they are better suited just…. because.

Evolution / Natural Selection • Compare Natural Selection with Genetic Drift. • Natural selection ensures survival bc that animal has a specific QUALITY that helps it survive better than others.

Planet Earth pole to pole For the next video you must write 10 organisms that have a trait that helps them specifically survive their environment or reproduce via evolution helps Name of animal evolutionary trait survive/reproduce 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

DQ’s # 11 1. Describe evolution in your own words. 2. What is an adaptation? Give a specific example of that in the wild. 3. Give a new example of genetic drift (look in your NB!) 4. Describe the difference between natural selection and genetic drift. 5. What was the name of Darwins famous boat? 6. What animal did Darwin use to describe evolution. 7. Think of three animals that have a special thing about them that give them an “advantage” above everything else in surviving where they live.

Evolution / Natural Selection • How does reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation. • What does that mean? • Answer using Darwin’s finches as your example. • Why did the finches (or any animal) “need” to change?

Evolution / Natural Selection • What information 1. Extinction is a part of life. (99% does the fossil record are extinct) give us? 2. Fossils show us the diversity of life in any given area. 3. Some species have only lived for a specific period (episodic speciation) 4. There have been mass extinctions (dinosaurs).

Evolution / Natural Selection • What is gradualism? • (color and draw picture!) • What is punctuated equilibrium?

Evolution and Natural Selection Gradualism or Punctuated equilibria? Gradualism says that evolution occurs at a slow, constant rate. Punctuated equilibrium says that evolution occurs at irregular rapid rates.

Life Based on the video, write down 10 organisms that have special adaptations to help them survive their environment or reproduce Name of animal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. trait survival/reproduction