Evidence of Evolution 2 Types of Evolution Microevolution

Evidence of Evolution � 2 Types of Evolution: - Microevolution 1. Microevolution: humans - Macroevolution small scale changes usually caused by ◦ Insecticide Resistance : �Some insects become resistant to chemical poisons when they originally were not �Ex: Insects that live in citrus trees in California have a mutated gene that allows for a reduced need for O 2

Evidence of Evolution � Microevolution cont’d: ◦ Drug Resistance: Resistance �Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics used during WWII �These antibiotics cannot be used anymore ◦ Melanism: Melanism � Coloration changes within populations �Peppered Moth (England) �In the 1800 s, most peppered moths were light and matched light tree colors �By the 1900 s, many trees were covered in black dust from industries �Population shifted from light to dark

Evidence of Evolution 2. Macroevolution: ◦ Evolutionary changes to the species level �Similar Species: Species �Why so many similar species if they didn’t have a similar ancestor? �Biogeography: Biogeography �Similar geographic climates & environments have similar organisms, but they are considered different species �Biochemistry: Biochemistry �DNA, RNA, and amino acid structure is the same for all living organisms �Ex: Gorillas and humans differ in only 1 amino acid for blood protein

Evidence of Evolution � Macroevolution cont’d: ◦ Homology: Homology study of similarities Ex: Almost all vertebrates have 4 limbs �Homologous structures: structures similar in appearance; not function ◦ Vestigial Structures: Structures �Structures that are no longer useful �Ex: Coccyx & appendix in humans; Femur & pelvic bones in whales ◦ Embryology: Embryology �Many vertebrates have similar embryos

Evidence of Evolution � Macroevolution ◦ Fossil Record: Record cont’d: �Remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past �Reveal succession of original simpler forms into current forms of species