Evidence for GasPhase Driven Phytoplankton accumulation of PCBs
Evidence for Gas-Phase Driven Phytoplankton accumulation of PCBs un-correlated Correlated: R 2 = 0. 90 Correlated: R 2 = 0. 70 Correlated: R 2 = 0. 96
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs CA Air-water exchange FAW Water-phytoplankton exchange MLD CW FWP FSink CP Vertical Flux -J. Dachs, S. J. Eisenreich, J. E. Baker, F. C. Ko, J. D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653 -3660, 1999.
Air-Water Exchange Controls Aquatic Concentrations of POPs (Experimental Lakes Area) Phytoplankton concentrations of PCB 52
Proceso de destilación global
Global Atmospheric Depositional Processes Temperature Henry’s Law Constant PCB 52 90 N 60 N Latitude 30 N 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 273 90 W 275 280 0 285 90 E 290 T (K) 295 180 E 300 305 Air-Water Exchange
¿Qué explica la distribución global de los contaminantes Orgánicos? Temperatura Productividad primaria (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; www. gsfc. nasa. gov)
Remote Sensing Measurements October-December 1998 Wind Speed Temperature 90 N 60 N 30 N 0 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 273 90 W 275 280 0 285 90 E 290 T (K) 295 180 E 300 305 180 W 90 W 0 0 5 90 E 10 U 10 ( m s-1) 180 E 15
Air-Water Exchange Global Variability of k. AW PCB 52 90 N 60 N 30 N 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 0 90 W 0. 5 1 0 90 E 1. 5 2 k. AW (m d-1) 2. 5 180 E 3 3. 5 Air-Water Fluxes
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs CA Air-water exchange FAW Water-phytoplankton exchange MLD CW FWP FSink CP k WP = Biomass ku MLD Vertical Flux -J. Dachs, S. J. Eisenreich, J. E. Baker, F. C. Ko, J. D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653 -3660, 1999.
Remote Sensing Measurements Chlorophyll Mixed Layer Depth 90 N 60 N 30 N 0 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 0 90 W 100 200 0 300 90 E 400 500 MLD (m) 600 180 E 700 800 900 180 W 0 90 W 1 0 90 E 2 Chlorophyll ( mg m-3) Water-Phytoplankton Fluxes 3 180 E 4
Water-Phytoplankton Exchange Global Variability of k. WP PCB 52 90 N 60 N 30 N 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 90 W 0 90 E 180 E Water-Phytoplankton Fluxes 0 2 4 6 -1 k. WP (m d ) 8 10
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs CA Air-water exchange FAW Water-phytoplankton exchange MLD CW FWP FSink CP k WP = Biomass ku MLD Vertical Flux -J. Dachs, S. J. Eisenreich, J. E. Baker, F. C. Ko, J. D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653 -3660, 1999.
Atmospheric Concentrations of PCBs, Dioxins and Furans Atlantic Ocean Transect (52 N-74 S) PCB 52 PCB 180 Cl 4 DD Latitude North South (Lohmann, R. , Ockenden, W. A. , Shears, J. , Jones, K. C. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001)
Predicted Air-Water and Sinking Fluxes of PCBs, Dioxins and Furans PCB 52 90 N Measured by Gustafsson, Gschwend and Buesseler, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3544 -3550, 1997 60 N 30 N 0 30 S 60 S 90 S 180 W 90 W 0 ng m-2 d-1 90 E 180 E
Latitudinal Variability of Air to Water Fugacity Ratios Atlantic Ocean PCB 180 PCB 52 k. Sink PCB 52 PCB 180 k. AW
Biogeochemical Coupling of Atmospheric Deposition and Settling Fluxes SBenzofluoranthene Flux ng m-2 d-1 Atmospheric Dep. Sed. Traps ng m-2 d-1 Atm. Dep. Settling Flux mg m-2 d-1 Mass Flux L. Méjanelle, UPMC
Atmospheric Deposition of Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocabons PBDE and PAH atmospheric deposition pg m-2 d-1 ng m-2 d-1 L. Méjanelle, UPMC 2001 2002 2003
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Legacy POPs Emerging POPs Lohmann, R. , K. Breivik, J. Dachs, D. Muir. Environ. Poll. 2007
Emerging (non-regulated) POPs: Pharmaceuticals in the Ebro River VITORIA T 3 R 1 T 2 R 4 T 5 T 8 T 7 PAMPLONA T 9 SABIÑÁNIGO R 6 T 12 LOGROÑO HUESCA TUDELA T 13 MONZÓN T 15 ZARAGOZA T 10 T 11 R 14 LLEIDA T 16 R 17 TORTOSA R 18 Barceló et al. Personal comunication
Perfluoroalkyl substances are globally distributed, anthropogenic contaminants. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) are synthetic, perfluorinated, straight- or branchedchain organic acids characterized by a carboxylate or sulfonate moiety. Surface treatment applications to provide soil, oil and water resistance to personal apparel and home furnishings (e. g. carpet cleaner and Goretex®). on paper products to provide grease, water, and oil resistance to plates, food containers, bags, and wrap (Teflon ®) aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for fire-fighting,
POPs in the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean sampling cruises (June 2006, May 2007) Simultaneous samples Air (aerosol + gas phase) Water (particulate + dissolved phase) Plankton
PAHs PARTICULATE PHASE IN AIR (ng/m 3) PCBs GAS PHASE IN AIR (ng/m 3) DISSOLVED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L) PARTICULATED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L) PLANKTON (ng/g)
PAH accumulation in plankton depends on planktonic biomass (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on PAH accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on PAH accumulation in plankton Is it due to PAH metabolization? (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on PCB accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on HCHs and HCB accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton (Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Environmental fate of organic pollutants Gas-Particle Partitioning Atmospheric Transport CA CG Dry Deposition Air-Water Exchange Water-Particle Continental Partitioning Inputs CW CP Wet Deposition Advection Vertical Fluxes Degradation Bioaccumulation Major Permanent sinks: - Ocean interior (sediments, deep waters) - Atmospheric OH degradation
Selective Sequestration of Atmospheric POPs in Sediments from High Mountain Lakes Inventories in sediments vs. Temperature (Grimalt et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001)
Selective Sequestration of Atmospheric POPs in Sediments from a modeled Lake (Lake Redó, Pyrenees Mountains) (Meijer, S. et al. Environ. Pollut. 2006, Meijer et al. Environ Pollut. 2009)
Controls on the Sequestration of atmospheric POPs in Sediments from High Mountain Lakes (Lake Redo, Pyrenees Mountains) k’W-Sed/k’W-Air = 0. 5 k’W-Sed/k’W-Air = 2. 5 (Meijer, S. et al. Environ. Pollut. . 2009) Fluxes in mg y-1
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