Evidence for Evolution Evolution Evidence for Evolution 1

Evidence for Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 1. Fossil evidence –petrified or preserved specimen in things like: ice, amber, sand, clay • some are extinct • remains of the hard parts of organisms

Evidence for Evolution Fossil evidence • relative dating –older fossils are found in the lower layers of rock while younger fossils are found in upper layers of rock –can be used to figure out when organisms lived Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution Fossil evidence • radiometric dating –uses the rate of decaying radioactive isotopes to determine age of fossils –carbon dating • looks at the amount of C 14 to amount of C 12 in a fossil

Evidence for Evolution 2. Genetics • DNA/RNA • mutations • gene pool –entire collection of genes in a population Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 3. Comparative Embryology • embryology- similarities among the young embryos suggest evolution from a common ancestor All have tail, eyes, gill slits, appendages For 6: gill slits disappar, tail shortens For 4: soft skin develops, hair starts to grow

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 4. Comparative Biochemistry • looking for similarities and differences in specific macromolecules –antibodies –hemoglobins

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 5. Anatomy • homologous structures –structural features with a common origin • analogous structures –body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but have similar functions • vestigial structure –a body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was once “useful” to an ancestor

Evidence for Evolution 5. Anatomy • homologous structures Evolution

Evidence for Evolution 5. Anatomy • vestigial structure Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution More examples • mimicry: • structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another • camouflage: • adaptation that allows a species to blend into their surroundings • antibiotic resistance: • bacteria which have developed an immunity to antibiotic drugs

Evidence for Evolution More examples Evolution

Evidence for Evolution More examples Evolution

Evidence for Evolution More examples Evolution

Barreleye fish Macropinna microstoma

Lice and human evolution

Vocab list gene pool allele frequency genetic equilibrium genetic drift gene flow stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection speciation geographic isolation Population Genetics reproductive isolation gradualism punctuated equilibrium adaptive radiation divergent evolution convergent evolution coevolution