Everythings An Argument LESSONS Do Now Feb 3
Everything’s An Argument LESSONS
Do Now Feb 3 You have 15 min to take the practice test.
Are You Vague? Fix the following sentences to eliminate vagueness: 1. In this way, the author uses irony to support his purpose. 2. As one can see, the use of diction makes the reader feel something. 3. The article has description that gives out the author’s purpose. 4. The author’s purpose is to inform us about handicaps/ race/ size in the media.
Rules For Writing---Check Your Own If a sentence could apply to many different pieces of writing---make that sentence more specific. If you talk about diction and you do not talk about specific single words, you are doing it wrong---change that. If you talk about pathos, and you do not name the specific emotion being evoked----fix it. If you do not tell us what the purpose/motive actually is, why are you writing? --- do that. Every purpose should come with a value judgment. The author has an opinion about the subject, or he wouldn’t be writing. Make sure you have told us how the author feels about the issue.
Do Now Feb 4 How do you structure an argument? In other words, when you have written an argument essay in the past, how did you outline it?
Cornell Note Time: Classical Argument Exordium Hook & Credibility Narratio Facts & Context Partitio Claim & Reasons Confirmatio Evidence & Reasoning Refutatio Counter Arg & Refutation Peroratio Summary & Call to Action
An Example Read Bittman’s Article “Why Take Food Seriously” on p 779 in Everything’s an Argument. Label 6 sticky-notes with the six parts of the Classical Argument, and place them in the appropriate parts of the text. 1. 2. 3. Hook & Credibility Facts & Context Claim & Reasons 4. Evidence & Reasoning 5. Counter Arg & Refutation 6. Summary & Call to Action
Exordium in Detail Hook & Credibility Gain’s reader’s interest Establishes qualifications Establishes common ground with reader Demonstrates author’s fairness States the claim. Where it is in Text
Narratio in Detail Facts and Context Presents necessary context (definitions/ background) Provides a personal or historical narrative relating to or outlining case Where it is in Text
Partitio and Confirmatio in Detail Claims & Reasons, Support & Logic States a thesis Provides hard evidence Lays out logical reasoning Where it is in Text
Refutatio in Detail Counter Argument & Refutation Examines other POVs and opposing arguments Notes the advantages/ disadvantages of these views Explains why author’s view is better Where it is in Text
Peroratio in Detail Summary & Call to Action Summarizes argument Elaborates on implications of the claim Makes clear what the audience should do Reinforces credibility or emotional appeal Where it is in Text
EXIT SLIP: Please List 1 thing you learned 1 thing you still have questions about 1 comment about the lesson
Do Now 2/5 ---Examine some food arguments & pick a side: We should Go Local! We should Go Global! Eliminates use of fossil Solves world food fuels needed for long travel Improves health by not requiring as many preservatives Improves taste because of freshness Stimulates local economy shortages in areas hit by disaster Improves health by offering more food variety Improves taste because of more variety Stimulates world economy
Creating your own Classical Argument USING THE ARTICLES ON PP. 779 -830, RESEARCH THE BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS TO EACH SIDE OF THE LOCAVORE/GLOBAVORE MOVEMENTS
Collect your evidence: pp. 779 -830 My Side: Benefits Evidence Their Side: pg Drawbacks Evidence pg
Organize Your Argument: Start in the Middle 2. Claim & Reasons • State your Thesis and Reasons 3. Evidence & Reasoning • • • State your Reasons Give your evidence Explain how the evidence proves the reason
Organize Your Argument: Go to the top 1. Hook & Credibility 1. 2. 3. Why should the audience care—how immediate/important is this issue? Why are you qualified to talk about this? How are you like your reader/audience? 2. Facts & Context 1. 2. What terms does the audience need to know? What background information is necessary in order to understand this topic/your claims?
Organize Your Argument: Go to the Bottom 1. Counter Argument & Refutation 1. 2. What might the other side say that could be valid? Why is your side more important/a bigger deal/ more correct than the other side? 2. Summary & Call to Action 1. 2. 3. So, what should your audience take away from your argument? (What is the most important information? ) What do you want your audience to do with that information? What will happen if they don’t do it?
Homework Fill in the Outline with details/what you would say if delivering a classic argument
EXIT SLIP: Please List 1 thing you learned 1 thing you still have questions about 1 comment about the lesson
What you had to say Comments Questions
Go Local People Sit by Windows Do Now: 2/6 Go Global People Sit by Computers Share your outlines. Decide who will read with part of the classical argument in the debate.
ba te! De Everyone should buy only locally sourced food.
AFF: 7 min opening NEG: 5 min Cross. X De ba te! NEG: 7 min opening AFF: 5 min Cross. X Both teams have 4 mins prep time to use as they wish Time to Discuss Counter Arguments NEG: 4 min closing AFF: 4 min closing Proposal: Everyone should buy only locally sourced food.
Developing Counter Arguments Three Stages to Counter Argument: 1. Acknowledgment 2. Accommodation 3. Refutation
Acknowledgement a paraphrase, with useful examples from an argument posed by your opponents proof to your audience that you can understand clarify the other side of the issue The other side argues/states…. What they are saying is…/To clarify, this is…
Accommodation to Avoid Straw Man a statement conceding to the merit in the character and values of the arguer/argument fairly establishes common ground, with empathy points out logic, values, interpretations, motivations that you respect in the opposing argument is careful to agree ONLY IN PART with the opponent My opponent would be right if…/the argument might work if… We all want… My opponent rightly hopes that…/wishes for…/ is good to want… But they are only correct if/where…, and unfortunately…
Refutation of points in Acknowledgment Argue against the opponent Subvert the choice of criteria used the opponent Explain how your points counter-act their points Argue Credibility/ interpretations of sources Argues definitions, Subverts logic or questions the values in the opposing argument. morality, magnitude or logic
Homework REVISE/ADD TO YOUR COUNTERARGUMENT. COMPLETE A WRITTEN ARGUMENT ABOUT THE LOCAVORE OR GLOBAVORE MOVEMENT.
Do Now: 2/10 You have 15 mins to complete your test.
Essay Issues
Emily Littel Do Now 2/11 What is wrong with this argument?
Rogerian Argument Willingness to think about opposing positions and describe them fairly 1. Introduction: Description of an issue or problem 2. Contexts: A full discussion of the circumstances where your opponent’s argument will work or be valid. 3. Your position: You finally present your side, and explain which circumstances make your side possible. 4. Benefits: Explain how your opponent will benefit from agreeing with you.
An Example Read Royte’s Excerpt from “Bottlemania” on p 834 in Everything’s an Argument. Label 4 sticky-notes with the four parts of the Rogerian Argument, and place them in the appropriate parts of the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction of the topic Contexts of the opponents’ arguments Contexts of author’s argument Benefits of adopting author’s argument
Introduction in Detail The Facts Establishes common ground with reader Defines Terms Provides historical background Demonstrates author’s fairness Where it is in Text
Opponent’s Argument in Detail Contexts Paraphrases opponent’s argument (s) Explains When, With whom, How, or Where the argument could be valid or work Where it is in Text
Author’s Argument in Detail Contexts Introducing the primary claim Explains When, With whom, How, or Where the argument will be valid or work Where it is in the text
Benefits of Adopting Primary Claim Why the Author is Right Lay out the benefits to the opponent if the primary claim is adopted Provides the drawbacks to the opponent if the primary claim is not adopted.
EXIT SLIP: Please List 1 thing you learned 1 thing you still have questions about 1 comment about the lesson
Creating your own Rogerian Argument PICK ONE OF THE TOPICS WE HAVE DEBATED THIS YEAR, AND WRITE A ROGERIAN STYLE ARGUMENT.
Do Now: 2/13 REFLECTIONS ON ROGER: WHAT DID YOU THINK?
- Slides: 42