EVERYTHING IS MADE UP OF ELEMENTS 1 Elements

EVERYTHING IS MADE UP OF ELEMENTS 1. Elements are made up of only one type of atom 2. 96% of the atoms in the human body are either: a) Carbon b) Hydrogen c) Oxygen d) Nitrogen 1

BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW 1. Macroelement – found in large quantities in living things a) C, H, O, N, S, P 2. Microelement – found in small quantities in living things a) Boron, Zinc, Selenium 3

BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW 3. Atoms – smallest part of an element; made of subatomic particles a) Electrons b) Protons c) Neutrons 4. Isotopes – different forms of an atom a) C 12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons (most common) b) C 13: 6 protons, 7 neutrons c) C 14: 6 protons, 8 neutrons (unstable, radioactive) 4

BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW 5. Compounds – 2 or more elements chemically combined a) H 2 O, C 6 H 12 O 6 6. Chemical Bonds – what holds the elements together in a compound. Also stores energy. a) Covalent bonds b) Hydrogen bonds 5

BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW 7. Metabolism – all of the chemical reactions that occur in living things a) Digestion, building muscle b) Chemical reactions depend on: i. Temperature ii. p. H iii. Enzymes 6

BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW 8. p. H – measure of how acidic or basic a solution is a) Ranges from 0 -14 i. p. H below 7 = acidic ii. p. H at 7 = neutral iii. p. H above 7 = basic b) Every living thing & chemical reaction has a range of tolerance for a certain p. H 7