EVALUATION OF UAVBASED TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE LAND RIGHTS

EVALUATION OF UAV-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE LAND RIGHTS IN KENYA: DISPLAYING STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES' THROUGH INTERACTIVE GAMING Claudia Stöcker, Mila Koeva, Rohan Bennett, Jaap Zevenbergen LAND POVERTY CONFERENCE 2019: CATALYZING INNOVATION The World Bank - Washington DC, March 25 -29, 2019 Session: Potential and pitfalls of using drone imagery I

MOTIVATION • Indicator of SDG Target 1. 4: documented or recognized evidence of tenure • Problem: majority of people do not have formally documented land rights • How do stakeholders assess the potential role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to support the documentation of land rights? 2

CONTEXT: ITS 4 LAND Program: Masterclass "Its 4 land" - innovative geospatial tools for fit-for-purpose land rights mapping Friday 11: 00 am-12: 30 pm MC 8 -100 EU granted H 2020 -ICT-2015 Research and Innovation Action Start date: 2016 -02 -01 Duration: 48 months Consortium: 8 partners across Europe and Africa Objective: We’re creating seven new tools to make land rights mapping faster, cheaper, easier, and more responsible. www. its 4 land. com 3

BACKGROUND KENYA • Characterized by arid and semi-arid landscapes • Statutory and customary land tenure with fixed and general boundaries • Land-related conflicts due to lack of legal certainty over land • Poor quality of land information • Disconnected land administration functions 4

METHOD – INTERACTIVE GAMING Sticky game chips Blank radar chart on 4 -8 discussants 5

METHOD – INTERACTIVE GAMING Data acquisition techniques Field survey Satellite survey Aerial survey UAV survey 6

METHOD – INTERACTIVE GAMING Parameter Definition Accuracy Geometric accuracy of the data product Time efficiency Time aspect of data collection Affordability The available budget for the data collection Reliability Trustworthiness and reproducibility of data product Extend to which the procedure of data collection is transparent Open and transparent procedure Ease of implementation Ease of access and availability of the data collection method 7

RESULTS 8

RESULTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

RESULTS • Clear and easy ranking • Consensus among groups • Correlation with spatial resolution or measurement accuracy 10

RESULTS • Consensus among groups • Critical point of time efficiency is the unknown time for UAV registration and flight authorization • Once authorized – immediate realization of UAV flights possible • Statistical outlier with field survey 11

RESULTS • One-off costs for UAV equipment and field survey • Recurring costs for satellite images and aerial images • Economies of scale (scale increases – costs decrease) 12

RESULTS • Most substantial variance of responses • High level of training for Field survey and Aerial images • Current UAV legislation as hindering factor • Automation of UAV data capture as opportunity 13

RESULTS • Ranking clear for indirect surveying techniques • Large variance for field survey • UAV images allow for community involvement during data capture on the ground Open and transparent procedure 14

RESULTS • Reliability of technique versus reliability of person who collects data • Discrepancies in field survey and satellite images • Automated workflow for UAV image processing is reliable (esp. PPK, RTK) • Ground control points lower reliability of UAV 15

CONCLUSION Interactive gaming supported the identification of opportunities and challenges of UAV images as base data for land rights mapping in Kenya. Opportunities • Allow for public participation • Independence of data capture • Support endeavors to digitize the current land registration system Challenges • GNSS equipment for RTK/PPK UAV data capture • Current regulatory vacuum • Lack of adequate capacity 16

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Claudia Stöcker: e. c. stocker@utwente. nl www. its 4 land. com