EV Grid Integration Capability Dr Murali Baggu and
EV Grid Integration Capability Dr. Murali Baggu and Dr. Andrew Meintz National Renewable Energy Laboratory Workshop on “ 99+ Grid Availability for RE Integration” January 23, 2018
Electric Vehicle Grid Integration Projects cross multiple domains Facility Level NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Distribution Network Level Utility / Wholesale Market Level 2
Energy Systems Integration Facility RED-B EV Efforts at ESIF https: //www. nrel. gov/esif/facility-tour. html (E) – Energy Storage Laboratory (ESL) • Vehicle to Grid Interconnection Testing (F) – Medium Voltage Outdoor Test Area (MVOTA) • Distribution Systems Analysis with smart charging (Grid Modernization Initiative) (B) – Systems Performance Laboratory (SPL) • Vehicle to Home Evaluation NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 3
Vehicle to Grid Interconnection Testing • Power System: IEEE 1547 ⁻ Unintentional Islanding ⁻ Abnormal Voltage/ Frequency ⁻ Harmonics / dc injection • Vehicle System: SAE J 3072 ⁻ NFPA 70 - National Electric Code references J 3072 for vehicle systems. ⁻ Onboard inverter identification ⁻ Interconnect and EVSE certification NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY IEEE 1547 ‘Anti-Islanding’ Test Duration of Island 4
On-Board V 2 G Characterization • Charge and discharge efficiency at various voltage, frequency, and temperature conditions. ⁻ Round-trip Efficiency ⁻ Functionality under all conditions NREL PIX 32542 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 5
Distribution Systems Analysis –Objectives • Determine the feasibility of PEVs providing grid services and renewable energy integration • Develop a hardware-in-theloop (HIL) platform to understand power system impacts • Accelerate standards development by understand how to prioritize the needs of the PEV customer, facility, third-party aggregator, and grid operator NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 6
Communications and Use Case is Unclear Utility / ISO Central Server Ex: OVGIP OEM Telematics Ex: On. Star Charging network Ex: Charge. Point 3 rd party Aggregator Ex: Juice. Net Communications standards and industry practices Open. ADR virtual top node / virtual end node Charge. Point proprietary protocol; OCCP; New ISO/IEC standard for EVSE back end; possible telematics std coming by SAE Distribution Transformer PEV – EVSE communication via: SAE J 1772, J 2847, J 2931 stds, ISO 15118, DIN 7121: Message set for 15118 (AC and DC) J 2847/2 (DC only) J 2847/1 (SEP 2. 0) client in vehicle or EVSE plus local or cloud server NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 7
INL/NREL HIL Platform Idaho National Laboratory Emulated PEVs National Renewable Energy Laboratory Distribution network model Internet RTDS EVSE Aggregator EVSE EVSE Grid Emulator Grid Power EVSE Grid Power Grid Emulator EVSE EVSE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8
Export Power Using PEVs Vehicle to Home - Emergency Response and Load Shifting Nichicon EV Power Station • 6 k. W off-board charging capability • Designed for the Japanese market with 100 V/200 V 50/60 hz. • Transformer change allows for 20 V/240 V, total 50 A@120 V V 2 H power capability (~ 6 k. W) Use Cases Evaluated (1) Demand charge mitigation (2) Emergency response, black start (3) Solar Integration (4) Home load-shifting NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY V 2 H System Power SPL Home in ESIF 9
Vehicle to Building Integration Pathway • Managed charging of electric vehicles can result in significant demand charge savings on commercial electricity tariffs. • NREL recently actively manages the 36 EVSEs used for workplace charging. • Without management total cost of charging increases from the nominal $0. 038/k. Wh energy charge to $0. 10/k. Wh. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 10
Building Demand Management Architecture Utility 3 rd Party Data Server Utility Backend User Entry Server Firewall EVSE Departure Time Miles Needed Vehicle Model Facility Demand Response Driver Facility Demand Utility Meter Charge Management Server Firewall EVSE Status (A, B, C) EVSE Current Limit (PWM) EVSEs NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 11
NREL Parking Garage- March 23 Demand Response EVENT • 50% Load reduction called from Open. ADR client node at 9 AM to last for 15 minutes. • During this event the aggregate load was reduced by about 40 k. W NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 12
NREL Parking Garage Data- Sept 11 th Demand Charge EVENT • • Monthly peak demand for September, up until the morning of 9/11/2017, was 4. 2 MW When 4. 0 MW was reached, the charging load of 127 k. W was reduced to 55 k. W NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13
US EVSE Standards Development and Compliance Testing • NREL is not a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) but does participate in standards development. Performance Standards Conformance Standards US State Ratification Article 625 J 3072, IEEE 1547 J 1772, J 2847 -2, J 2931 -1, J 2953 Standards Development NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY NFPA 70 Electric Vehicle Charging System UL 2202, UL 2594 Compliance Testing (NRTL) 14
Energy Benefits from Vehicles, Buildings, and Renewables Working Together Questions : Murali Baggu, Murali. Baggu@nrel. gov Andrew Meintz, Andrew. Meintz@nrel. gov www. nrel. gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
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