Europeans were motivated by God Gold and Glory

• Europeans were motivated by God Gold and Glory. • Setting up a power struggle between European nations to establish colonies. • More resources equal more power which leads to the economic theory of Mercantilism.

1. What is the setting of the political cartoon? 2. Who is representing the “Mother Country”? 3. Who is representing the “Colonies”? 4. What is the role of the Colonies? 5. What is the colonies job?

§ An economic theory that the amount of wealth in the world is limited. § The more wealth (gold & silver) you have the less your competition has! 2 A

§ Trade over the Atlantic Ocean by European powers to use colonies to acquire limited wealth in the world Triangular Trade 1. British ships with rum, cloth & other goods would head to African coasts 2. Slaves would be moved from Africa to the New World 3. Tobacco & other New World goods would be packaged up for Britain 2 A

2 A, B

Southern - Mid Atlantic - New England

C O L O N I E S

Region Colonies European Settlement Climate Economy Population Southern 1. Virginia 2. Maryland 3. Carolina’s 4. Georgia 1. 1607 2. 1632 3. 1655 4. 1732 Warm climate; long growing season Cash crops or tobacco, rice, and indigo grown on large plantations using slave labor More men than women; indentured servants; enslaved African Americans a majority in some areas

§ 1 st permanent English colony in North America (1607) § The Virginia Company treated it as a business venture hoping for GOLD. THERE WAS NO GOLD!!!!!! § Tobacco became the source money. (cash crop) § Labor-intensity will lead to dependency on slavery 1 A

§ A legislative assembly (lawmakers) similar to their Parliament back home in England § The first form of representative government in the New World § Gap between rich and poor (landowners and non-land owners) 1 A

§ American Indians had lived in Virginia for centuries, now were forced off the land § Occasionally violent interactions between Indians and English settlers § Pocahontas § Bacons Rebellion 1 A

§ Poor settlers led by Nathanial Bacon wanted protection from Native Americans § They staged an uprising against the governor of Virginia and the wealthy landowners § Established an expectation in America that the government would work for the good of all citizens – not just the wealthy 1 A

Region Colonies European Settlement Climate Economy Population New England 1. Massachusetts 2. New Hampshire 3. Connecticut 4. Rhode Island 1. 1630 2. 1623 3. 1634 4. 1636 Cold winters; short growing seasons Fishing; shipbuilding; trade; lumber; small subsistence farms Few slaves or immigrants; more families; fast growing population.

§ British Policy that allowed the colonies virtual self governance, local rule, as long as Great Britain was prospering economically. § Policy allowed the enforcement of trade relations laws to be soft. § Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated “if no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. ”

§ Important document during the early colonial period. § A pledge by the colonists to govern themselves through majority rule. § Form of self-government. § Direct Democracy § Plymouth Colony (1620)

§ Many children grew up without the same strong covenant (relationship) with God that their parents had. § To keep church membership high, the Puritans had to extend a partial membership to these younger generations § KEEP THEM IN CHURCH 1 B

§ Religious freedom in present- day Massachusetts § Puritans § Quakers § New Englanders set up town meetings to make their own laws and directly elect members of a local legislature § Only men who were members of the church could vote §Salem Witch Trials were the result of women's lack of rights to participate in New England society 1 B

§ Religious tensions, resulting from Puritan intolerance, pushed settlers like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams out. 1 B

§ Early New England Colonist were engaged in trading with the Pequot's. § The colonist started to expand their territory, the Pequot’s did not like this. § Resulted in the colonist killing 600 or more Pequot's, which wiped them off the land for good.

§ Native American conflict from 1675 -1676. § Named for the Indian leader Metacom, nicknamed “King Philip” by the British settlers § Native American lost more land! 1 B

§ King of England cancelled the charter to gain more control over trade. § Combined all the New England colonies to have strict control over them. § CREATED A ROYAL COLONY!!! 1 B

Region Colonies Middle 1. New York Colonies 2. New Jersey 3. Delaware 4. Pennsylvania European Settlement Climate Economy Population 1. 1624 2. 1630 3. 1638 4. 1644 Temperate; moderate growing season Wheat, barley, and rye crops grown on moderatesized farms Attractive to immigrants; tolerant of religious and ethnic differences

§ North of Virginia § Founded as a religious haven for tolerant Quakers § Non-violence as a core belief § Better treatment of American Indians § Discouragement of slavery § Led by William Penn 1 C

§ They settled a diverse, business- minded colony called New Amsterdam § In 1664, the British took over the colony and renamed it New York § It became a major center for trade § Religiously tolerant 1 C

Introduction of African culture in to colonial society

§ As tobacco, rice & indigo farms in the southern colonies of North America grew, so did the need for labor § The slaves’ sea voyage across the Atlantic was known as the Middle Passage § The trip was known for its brutality § Slaves combined their culture with that of the American people they encountered. 2 B

§ Religious movement that placed and emphasis on a personal relationship with God § Preachers like Jonathan Edwards moved from colony to colony giving very emotional sermons § Colonists questioned if American religion should cut ties with the British. 2 D