Europeans Explore The East Changes In Europe 1400s

Europeans Explore The East

Changes In Europe • 1400’s adventurous spirit/ curiosity develops • People had a desire to: • Get rich • Spread Christianity • Also, they had advanced sailing technology

Motivation Europeans had long been attracted to Asia: • 12 th century Crusaders • 13 th century Marco Polo reached China under Kublai Khan

Motivation Conquests of Ottoman Turks and Mongols reduced ability of westerners to travel by land… & Muslims only traded with Italians

Motivation Economic reasons- wanted to find precious metals (& luxury goods) and spice

Motivation Religion-strong crusading spirit Crusades had left people with feelings of hostility towards non. Christians and with the desire to convert non. Christians

Motivation Glory/ spirit of adventure *Primary Motives: Three “G’s” God, Glory and Gold

Voyages Were Possible Because • Expansion sanctioned by government • Had increased knowledge of technology – – – Astrolabe Multiple mast ships Triangular lateen sail Deep sea rudder Magnetic Compass

Portugal- Prince Henry • Portugal took the lead in exploration • Prince Henry established a navigation school – Taught: mapmaking, shipbuilding – Perfected the caravela sailboat with triangular sails • Established a number of trading posts along the west coast of Africa

Portugal- Finds A Route To Asia • 1488 Bartolomeu Diassailed to the southern tip of Africa & around Cape of Good Hope • 1497 Vasco da Gama traveled around Africa and reached Calicut – Returned home with spices, gems, goods (cargo worth 60 times the cost of the voyage)!

You Can See Portugal’s Wealth Today: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Okpic. EJ 1 i o. I

Prince Henry the Navigator Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama

Spain Envious… • 1492 -Christopher Columbus sails west – October reached Caribbean – Thought he had reached Asia – Portugal thought he had reached Asia – Tension between the two countries! – 1493 Pope Alexander VI stepped in drew the Line of Demarcation

Treaty Of Tordesillas SPAIN PORTUGAL

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nj EGncrido. Q

Trading Empires In Indian Ocean • Portugal took over control of the spice trade from Muslim Merchants • Defeated Muslim ship in battle 1509 • Built a fort in the Straits of Hormuz preventing Muslims from reaching India • Captured India’s Gao • Attacked & controlled Malacca/ Strait of Malacca

Other Nations Challenge: • The newly freed Dutch Republic formed a trading company: Dutch East India Company – Took over Spice Islands – Cape of Good Hope (Africa) • England & France established outposts in India