Europeans Claim Muslim Land Bellwork take the section

Europeans Claim Muslim Land Bellwork: take the section 27. 2 vocab and write the definitions in your own words. Then state their importance.

In Class For each of the following headlines, write 5 of the most important facts Ottoman Empire Loses Power Europeans Grab Territory Egypt Initiates Reforms Persia Pressured to Change

Ottoman Empire Loses Power Suleyman I died in 1566, leaving the empire to a string of weak leaders. Problems that faced the Ottoman Empire: corrupt leaders, devalued coinage, inflation. Biggest problem was that the Ottoman Empire was falling behind Europe technologically. Selim III came to power in 1789 and he tried to modernize his country, but was resisted by traditional janissaries. Greece and Serbia gained self-rule, taking away much land from the Ottomans. Other European

* *Geopolitics: an interest in or taking of land for its strategic interest location or products. This played a large role in the Ottoman Empires’ fate. * Ottoman Empire controlled access to Mediterranean and Atlantic Sea route, as well as the Black Sea. * Oil was found in the area in 1900, increasing Russia’s interest in the area. *Crimean War: war between Russia and the Ottomans for control over the Black Sea. * France and Britain wanted to stop Russia from getting control, so they jumped in to help the Ottomans. * Ottomans win, but their military is very weak. * Despite the win, Slavic peoples who related more to Russia rebelled, causing the Ottomans to lose even more land (i. e. Romania and Bosnia) *Great Game: war launched between Russia and Great Britain for control over India.

Egypt Initiates Reforms • After seeing the slow decline of the Ottomans, other Muslim leaders decided they must modernize • Muhammad Ali: Egyptian leader who broke away from the Ottomans. • Ali was able to create reforms in Egypt: made cotton an agricultural focus • Isma’il, Ali’s grandson, continued these modern trends by supporting the construction of the suez canal, a human-made waterway that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea • Isma’il’s reforms were expensive, however, and Egypt was left with a large debt. This debt led to British occupation of the region in 1882.

Persia Pressured to Change § Russia and Great Britain competed for Persia commercially and to bring that country under its sphere of influence. § Russia gained access to the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean through military victories, while Great Britain gained Afghanistan. Britain’s interest truly peaked after oil was discovered here in 1908. § Persian leader gives Britain the rights to transport tobacco. Another influential person set up a boycott. This boycott worked, but it led to unrest in Persia. § In 1906 revolutionaries broke out and the Persian government couldn’t control it. In 1907, the Russians and British moved in to create spheres of influence. § Under all types of imperialism in Muslim lands, the conquered experienced enormous change as a result of the occupation of a foreign power.

Homework • Write a one paragraph summary about imperialism in each of the following locations: – Ottoman Empire – Egypt – Persia • Make sure to use your own words. • Responses should be about 5 sentences long