European Spallation Source ERIC Overview of Accelerator Operations

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European Spallation Source ERIC Overview of Accelerator Operations WBS 30. 1 Håkan Danared Deputy

European Spallation Source ERIC Overview of Accelerator Operations WBS 30. 1 Håkan Danared Deputy Head Accelerator Division www. europeanspallationsource. se October 24 -26, 2016

Outline • • • This presentation describes costs for steady-state operation of the ESS

Outline • • • This presentation describes costs for steady-state operation of the ESS accelerator, including technical services provided to other divisions. It is based on an assumed operations organization which is different from the current organization of the Accelerator Division. It includes costs for staff, maintenance, repairs, consumables and keeping short-lived systems up-to-date (details on following slides). It assumes, most importantly, 5 MW beam power, 200 days/yr of neutron production and the goal of 95% reliability/availability. Total resource need is estimated at 114 FTEs @ 11. 5 M€ and 14. 7 M€ nonlabour cost, in total 26. 2 M€ annual operations cost. The budget for capital improvements is kept at the diretorate level. 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 2

Subject Matter Expertise in Accelerator Operations, Support and Equipment • Håkan Danared – –

Subject Matter Expertise in Accelerator Operations, Support and Equipment • Håkan Danared – – – • Ph. D in atomic and molecular physics, Royal Inst of Technology, Stockholm, 1986. Worked at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory (MSL) at Stockholm University until 2010. MSL hosted CRYRING, an accelerator-based (52 m circumference synchrotron with electron cooling) user facility for atomic, molecular, optical and nuclear physics. Involvment in all phases of the CRYRING project, from the stage where funding was applied for and construction started until I closed it down as the lab director in 2010. The machine is now being rebuilt at FAIR. More than 110 peer-reviewed papers, h-index 33. Marc Muñoz – – – 10/3/2020 Now on parental leave, was responsible for the WBS Dictionary until mid September and did most of the work until then. Ph. D in Acceleratr Physics, Universtitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 1995. Worked at ESRF and CERN during the Ph. D; and at Daresbury Lab for the postdoc, involved in operation and in the first design of Diamond. Accelerator Physicist at SLS (PSI) for 7 years, heavily involved in the commissioning and operation of the SLS. Head of the Beam Physics group at ALBA-CELLS (Spanish light source) since the start of the project until moving to ESS. In charge of the design of the storage ring, and planning of the commissioning. One of the 3 supervisors of the facility operation. Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 3

Collection of Information • Information collected by Accelerator Group and WP Leaders, benchmarked system

Collection of Information • Information collected by Accelerator Group and WP Leaders, benchmarked system by system to most similar and relevant facilities – – – – – 10/3/2020 Beam Physics and Operations: Mamad Eshraqi, WP Leader Beam Physics Beam Instrumentation: Andreas Jansson, WP Leader Beam Instrumentation Cryogenics: Phillip Arnold, WP Leader Cryogenics (presented by John Weisend) Vaccum: Marcelo Juni Ferreira, WP Leader Vacuum Utilities: Anton Lundmark, WP Leader Cooling Support Front-End and Magnets: Walter Wittmer, Deputy WP Leader NC Linac Superconducting RF: Håkan Danared (External WPs) RF Systems: Morten Jensen, WP Leader RF Power Converters: Carlos Martins, WP Leader Power Converters Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 4

WBS Structure For the purpose of this review, a WBS structure different from the

WBS Structure For the purpose of this review, a WBS structure different from the current structure of the ESS Accelerator Division is assumed: ESS. 30. 1 Accelerator Division 114 ESS. 30. 1. 0 Management & Administration ESS. 30. 1. 1 Beam Physics and Operations Group 3 ESS. 30. 1. 1. 1 Beam Physics Section 6 ESS. 30. 1. 1. 2 Beam Operations Section 17 ESS. 30. 1. 2 Beam Instrumentation Group 15 ESS. 30. 1. 3 Cryogenics Group 12 ESS. 30. 1. 4 Vacuum Group 13 ESS. 30. 1. 5 Utilities Group 6 ESS. 30. 1. 6 Front-End and Magnets Group 6 ESS. 30. 1. 7 Superconducting RF Group 8 ESS. 30. 1. 8 RF Group 20 ESS. 30. 1. 9 Power Converters Group 8 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 5

In-Kind Project Turned Into In-House Project In steady state, all knowledge has been transferred

In-Kind Project Turned Into In-House Project In steady state, all knowledge has been transferred from inkind partners to ESS in Lund, expertise has been acquired in all areas, technical capabilities for maintenance and repair of all systems have been developed. In some cases, as for repair of super-conducting cavities and cryomodules, it may take 10 years to reach such capability. Maintenance of technical expertise is clearly of vital importance. 10/3/2020 In-kind (main contributions) ATOMKI (RF-LPS) CEA (RFQ, SRF, Diagn) CNRS (SRF, Cryo distrib) Daresbury Lab (SRF, Vacuum) Elettra (RF, Magn, PS, Diagn) EPFL (Modulators) ESS-Bilbao (MEBT, RF) Huddersfield Univ (RF distrib) IFJ PAN (Installations) INFN Catania (Source, LEBT) INFN Legnaro (DTL) INFN Milan (SRF) Lodz UT (LLRF) NCBJ (LLRF, gamma blockers) Tallinn UT (RF) Univ Bergen (Seconded staff) Univ Oslo (Diagn) Warsaw UT (LLRF) Wroclaw UT (Cryo distrib) Paid contracts Aarhus Univ (Beam delivery) DESY (Diagn) Lund Univ (LLRF, RF) Uppsala Univ (Tests) Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 6

The ESS Proton Linac Will Be the World’s Most Powerful Linear Accelerator Particle species

The ESS Proton Linac Will Be the World’s Most Powerful Linear Accelerator Particle species p Energy 2. 0 Ge. V Current 62. 5 m. A Average power 5 MW Peak power 125 MW Pulse length 2. 86 ms Repetition rate 14 Hz Days of neutron production Reliability (all facility) 95% Total budget 10/3/2020 200 530 M€ Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 7

Management and Administration Description of Main Activities • • • Line management and coordination

Management and Administration Description of Main Activities • • • Line management and coordination of Accelerator Division staff. High-level planning of accelerator development and operation. Management of budget. QA/QC of the Accelerator Division. Administrative support for Accelerator Division staff (centralized to this group). Benchmarking • SNS Research Accelerator Division includes target and controls. Has director, deputy director, 6 administrative assistants and maintenance management assistance. ESS proposes a noticeably lighter organization in this respect. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 0 2 Sci/Eng + 1 Adm 300 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 11

Beam Physics and Operations LEBT-RFQ transmission Matching trajectory/envelope 10/3/2020 MEBT buncher cavity failure Evaluate

Beam Physics and Operations LEBT-RFQ transmission Matching trajectory/envelope 10/3/2020 MEBT buncher cavity failure Evaluate losses from imperfections Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 12

Beam Physics Description of Main Activities • • • Improve the performance and availability

Beam Physics Description of Main Activities • • • Improve the performance and availability of the linac by conducting machine development studies as well as simulations with beam physics codes. Support the linac operation by 1) conducting the linac tuning at start-ups and after failures, 2) establishing optimized procedures for routine linac tuning, 3) developing high-level beam physics applications, and 4) acting as back-up operators and assisting the operators during recovery from faults. Conduct theoretical and numerical beam-physics studies for more accurate modelling of highintensity beams. Benchmarking • SNS: 8 FTEs in 2016, covering a similar scope (provide high-level software for accelerators tuning and control, perform beam studies in accelerators), for a slightly smaller linac but a ring in addition. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 1. 1 6 Sci/Eng 200 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 13

Operations Description of Main Activities • • Operation of the linac, supervision of the

Operations Description of Main Activities • • Operation of the linac, supervision of the target Manning of control room 24/7, ~365 days/yr, with crew of 5 x 3. Planning of maintenance activities of the linac. Supervision of work activities in the linac: work permit authorizations, tunnel access. Possibility to give part time support to accelerator systems, in particular during shutdowns. Maintenance of performance databases: identification of failures, downtime, availability, etc. RAMI analysis and planning. Development of applications for running the accelerator, using the framework provided by ICS. Benchmarking • • SNS: Approx. 16 members in the Accelerator Operations group (and 6 target operators), and 2 in Maintenance Management. The control room is manned full time with more than 3 operators all year. WBS Personnel Operations ESRF: See Eshraqi’s presentation. (k€/y) 30. 1. 1. 2 10/3/2020 7 Sci/Eng + 10 Tech Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 110 14

Beam Instrumentation 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 15

Beam Instrumentation 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 15

Beam Instrumentation Description of Main Activities • • Maintenance and support, including 24/7 on-call,

Beam Instrumentation Description of Main Activities • • Maintenance and support, including 24/7 on-call, of all beam diagnostics in accelerator and target. 24/7 coverage in control room during studies and startup. Development work to keep systems up to date (readout electronics systems need relatively frequent upgrades due to obsolescence of components. ). Responding to request from operations for additional measurement features, which can be added either by new diagnostics of extending the capabilities of existing ones. Benchmarking • • SNS: ~13 FTEs and an operations M&S budget of about 1. 2 M€. Their operations scope in terms of number of unique and deployed systems to support is comparable to that of ESS BI. BNL: 36 FTEs and an operational M&S budget of ~$900 k (excluding overhead items). They support approximately twice the number of unique systems and four times the number of deployed devices as foreseen for ESS BI. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 2 9 Sci/Eng + 6 Tech 1000 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 16

Cryogenics Accelerator Cryoplant Coldbox Tunnel Cryogenic Distribution System Hydrogen Moderator Loop Compressor Hall Including

Cryogenics Accelerator Cryoplant Coldbox Tunnel Cryogenic Distribution System Hydrogen Moderator Loop Compressor Hall Including He Recovery & Storage 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review

Cryogenics Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target and NSS • • Operation (including

Cryogenics Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target and NSS • • Operation (including He delivery & recovery), maintenance, and limited upgrades of cryogenic systems throughout ESS, i. e. , including services to Target and NSS. Potential for collaboration with MAXIV (using superconducting devices but not producing liquid helium). Systems include: – – – Accelerator cryoplant, target moderator cryoplant, test stands and neutron instruments cryoplant. Cryogenic moderator system with hydrogen loop. Helium recovery system with high-pressure storage, low-pressure storage, purification, etc. Distribution boxes and cryolines to the 43 linac cryomodules and the cryogenic components of these modules. Cryomodule test stand. Site-wide liquid nitrogen management. Benchmarking • With KSTAR, DESY, JLab. Systems are different, but after scaling ESS has similar operations cost and less or similar FTEs, see Weisend’s presentation. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 3 6 Sci/Eng + 6 Tech 820 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 18

Vacuum 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 19

Vacuum 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 19

Vacuum Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target and NSS • • Maintenance of

Vacuum Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target and NSS • • Maintenance of all vacuum instrumentation. Vacuum control system operation, maintenance, development and improvements. Preparation and installation of particle-free instruments and chambers. Support other related vacuum applications as cryogenics or vacuum processes. Improving vacuum performance and applications (gas dynamics and vacuum technology). Development, specification /design, fabrication process, installation, operation of vacuum systems. Standardization of the vacuum instrumentation (gauges, pumps, RGAs, leak detectors, valves, etc. ). Benchmarking • With SNS, which has 12 staff, $1 M budget, see Ferreira’s presentation. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 4 5 Sci/Eng + 8 Tech 1000 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 20

Utilities Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target (el. ) and NSS • •

Utilities Description of Main Activities, Supporting Accelerator, Target (el. ) and NSS • • Operation and maintenance of low voltage switchgear. Connection and disconnection of electrical cables. Operation and maintenance of water systems for Accelerator and NSS. Operation and maintenance of pressurized air. Minor upgrades and modifications. Authoring/reviewing documents/procedures/permits. Coordinating ongoing installations. Benchmarking • Difficult to benchmark due to different organzations at different labs. Estimates presented are mainly bottom-up. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 5 3 Sci/Eng + 3 Tech 100 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 21

Front-End and Magnets 3 d model of the RFQ from Saclay 3 d model

Front-End and Magnets 3 d model of the RFQ from Saclay 3 d model of the MEBT, Bilbao Ion source in Catania, producing beam DTL parts from Legnaro Magnets, Elettra 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 22

Front-End and Magnets Description of Main Activities • Operation of ion source. – –

Front-End and Magnets Description of Main Activities • Operation of ion source. – – – • Maintaining second ion source as hot spare on test bench. – – • Monitoring of ion current, current stability, proton fraction. Maintenance and repair of power supplies, microwave generator, sputtered vacuum parts. Replacement of hydrogen gas. Operation of ion source test bench with source developments for increased performance and reliability. Maintenance, repair and replacements as for the installed source but with longer expected intervals. Operation and maintenance of other parts of acceleration and beam-transport structures including power couplers, tuners, choppers, magnets, interlocks and safety devices. Benchmarking • SNS: Ion Source Group has 7 FTEs (ESS ion source is less complicated, but responsibility extends over entire normal-conducting linac). M&S and Subcontracs for Ion Source Group is $500 k. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 6 3 Sci/Eng + 3 Tech 300 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 23

Superconducting RF Section of the linac tunnel with three spoke cryomodules Cryomodule with two

Superconducting RF Section of the linac tunnel with three spoke cryomodules Cryomodule with two double-spoke cavities Prototype spoke cavity at IPNO set up for surface treatment High-beta elliptical cavity prototype M-ECCTD vacuum tank 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 24

Superconducting RF Description of Main Activities • • • Monitoring and improving performance of

Superconducting RF Description of Main Activities • • • Monitoring and improving performance of SRF cavities. Analysing discharges and quenches, potentially performing in-situ plasma processing to recover cavity performance. Analysis and repair of air or helium leaks and failed instrumentation and interlock systems. Maintenance of spoke and elliptical cavities and cryomodules, including power couplers, slow tuners, fast piezoelectric tuners, instrumentation, interlocks. Building and maintaining clean-room and test facility for repairs of cavities and cryomodules. Benchmarking • SNS: SRF part of Superconducting Linac Systems (SLS) has 8 FTEs. SRF part of M&S and Subcontracts for SLS is $1. 15 M. ESS has twice as many cryomodules as SNS. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 7 4 Sci/Eng + 4 Tech 1540 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 25

RF Systems 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 26

RF Systems 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 26

RF Systems Description of Main Activities • Operation, maintenance and repairs of – –

RF Systems Description of Main Activities • Operation, maintenance and repairs of – – – – • • RF system interlocks including sensors. LLRF and cavity tuning systems. Phase reference distribution system. Master oscillator. High-power tetrode, klystron and multi-beam IOT amplifiers. Low-power solid-state amplifiers. RF high-power distribution system. Software maintenance and upgrades. Planning and execution of hardware upgrades. Benchmarking • • SNS has 16 FTEs plus $2. 5 M for 100 cavities, while ESS has 155 cavities of higher power. Bottom-up calculation in ESS-0068574. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 8 10 Sci/Eng + 10 Tech 7800 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 27

Power Converters 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 28

Power Converters 10/3/2020 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 28

Power Converters Description of Main Activities • Operation, maintenance and repairs of – –

Power Converters Description of Main Activities • Operation, maintenance and repairs of – – • Magnet power converters. Tetrode power converters. Klystron modulators. IOT modulators. Maintaining power electronics laboratory. Benchmarking • • ESS klystron and IOT modulators are a major in-house development at ESS in Lund. Devices with similar technology, functionality and stored energy as required for ESS do not exist at other laboratories and are not commercially available. Therefore, the operations budget is based on a bottom-up calculation available as ESS-0068574. SNS is estimated to have 6 FTEs in this area. Modulators scale with beam power and ESS has 4 -5 times more beam power than SNS. 10/3/2020 WBS Personnel Operations (k€/y) 30. 1. 9 4 Sci/Eng + 4 Tech 1500 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 29

Services Obtained and Delivered to Other Divisions • • • The Accelerator will rely

Services Obtained and Delivered to Other Divisions • • • The Accelerator will rely on centralized services for a number of important functions. Required functions that today are in the Project Support and Administration Directorate and that need to be appropriately dimensioned for an activitiy of the size of the future Accelerator Division include HR, Legal, Finance, Procurement, Logistics and IT. Functions that today reside within the Engineering and Integration Support Division include conventional safety and radiation safety support, survey and alignment, quality support and frameworks for design and documentation such as CAD and PIM systems. Clearly, the ICS Division will need to continue to provide services in line with the current division of responsibilities between ICS and Accelerator. The Accelerator Division specifically provides the following services to Target: – – • Cryogenics: 1. 5 FTE (0. 5 engineer, 1 technician) Vacuum: 1 FTE (1 technician) And to NSS: – – – 10/3/2020 Cryogenics: 0. 5 FTE (0. 5 technician) Vacuum: 3 FTEs (1 engineer, 2 technicians) Cooling water: 1 FTE (0. 5 engineer, 0. 5 technician ) Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 30

Accelerator Operations – Budget Estimate Summary WBS System Name Personnel (FTEs) Mangr Grp Ldr

Accelerator Operations – Budget Estimate Summary WBS System Name Personnel (FTEs) Mangr Grp Ldr Sci/Eng Tech Assist Operations [k€] ESS. 30. 1. 0 Management & Admin 1 1 0 0 1 300 ESS. 30. 1. 1. 1 Beam Physics 0 1 5 0 0 200 ESS. 30. 1. 1. 2 Beam Operations 0 1 6 10 0 110 ESS. 30. 1. 2 Beam Instrumentation 0 1 8 6 0 1000 ESS. 30. 1. 3 Cryogenics 0 1 5 6 0 820 ESS. 30. 1. 4 Vacuum 0 1 4 8 0 1000 ESS. 30. 1. 5 Utilities 0 1 2 3 0 100 ESS. 30. 1. 6 Front-End & Magnets 0 1 2 3 0 300 ESS. 30. 1. 7 Superconducting RF 0 1 3 4 0 1540 ESS. 30. 1. 8 RF Systems 0 1 9 10 0 7800 ESS. 30. 1. 9 Power Converters 0 1 3 4 0 1500 1 11 47 54 1 14670 Total FTEs 10/3/2020 114 Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 31

Summary • • 10/3/2020 This report shows estimated accelerator operations costs around 2030, when

Summary • • 10/3/2020 This report shows estimated accelerator operations costs around 2030, when all systems are running in steady state and an initial spares inventory has been built up. It includes staff, maintenance, repairs, consumables and minor upgrades to avoid obsolescence of, e. g. , digital electronics. Other upgrades will use the capital improvement budget. The estimates are in most cases bottom-up, but benchmarking has been made with other facilities and most often with SNS. Staff level is 114 FTEs, non-labour costs are 14. 7 M€ and total cost is 26. 2 M€. Håkan Danared, October 2016 ESS Operations Cost Review 33