European Reformation Reformation Causes of Reformation Social Renaissance

European Reformation

Reformation § Causes of Reformation § Social § Renaissance values led people to question the Church. § Printing press. § Political § Powerful monarchs challenged the Church. § Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged authority. § Economic § Jealous of Church’s wealth. § Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church. § Religious § Church leaders became corrupt. § Sale of indulgences

Martin Luther § Took action against Friar Tetzel. § Wrote the 95 Theses § Teachings rested on three main ideas: § People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. § All church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. § All people with faith were equal.

England becomes Protestant § Henry VIII wants a son § Parliament passes a set of laws known as Reformation Parliament. § Ended pope’s power in England. § https: //vimeo. com/907 38933

From his marriages, Henry had 3 children who lived: Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.

England becomes Protestant § Consequences of Henry’s changes § Edward VI § Too young when he took the throne § Guided by Protestant advisers § Reigned for six years

England becomes Protestant § Mary § Catholic § Returned English Church to the rule of the pope § Protestants were executed

England becomes Protestant § Elizabeth § Restores Protestantism § 1559, set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church

Calvinism § Religious reform began in Switzerland. § John Calvin (French follower of Luther) § Predestination

Calvinism Spreads § John Knox § Scottish preacher § Put Calvin’s ideas to work § Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians § Huguenots § Calvin’s followers in France § Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to violence § Estimated as many as 12, 000 Huguenots were killed.

Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation) § Movement to help Catholics remain loyal within the Catholic Church § Important leaders § Ignatius of Loyola § Founded new religious orders § Pope Paul III and Paul IV § Took action to reform and renew the Church within Paul IV)

Pope Paul III § Council of Trent § Agreed on several doctrines: § Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final § Christians needed faith and good works of salvation § Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life § Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but false selling of indulgences were banned.

Legacy of Reformation § Ended Christian unity in Europe § Europe was left culturally divided § Religious and social effects § § § Protestant churches flourished Roman Catholic Church became more unified Both Catholics and Protestants gave more emphasis to role of education § Political effects § Individual monarchs and states gained power § Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment. § https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 o 8 o. IELb. Nx. E

John Greene’s Reformation § https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 o 8 o. I ELb. Nx. E