European Middle Ages CHAPTER 13 500 1200 Chapter

European Middle Ages, CHAPTER 13 500– 1200 Chapter Overview Time Line MAP SECTION 1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne GRAPH SECTION 2 Feudalism in Europe SECTION 3 The Age of Chivalry SECTION 4 The Church Wields Power Visual Summary QUIT

CHAPTER 13 European Middle Ages, 500– 1200 Chapter Overview After Charlemagne’s empire dissolves, people look to local leaders for protection from invaders. Feudalism and knighthood develop as a result of this need for protection. Later kings fail to revive Charlemagne’s empire. They struggle with the Church for power. HOME

CHAPTER 13 European Middle Ages, HOME 500– 1200 Time Line 732 Charles Martel 900 s Outside stops Muslim invasions spur growth of feudalism. 500 511 Clovis unites Franks under Christian rule. 1190 Holy Roman Empire weakens. 1200 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope. 962 Otto the Great crowned emperor.

1 HOME Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne MAP Key Idea Invasions cause the fall of the Roman Empire, which is replaced by small kingdoms. The leader of the Frankish kingdom converts to Christianity. This religion spreads through western Europe as the Frankish kingdom expands. Charlemagne builds the Frankish kingdom into an empire. Overview Assessment

1 HOME Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Middle Ages • Franks MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • monastery Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne’s empire. Charlemagne spread Christian civilization through northern Europe, where it had a permanent impact. • secular Assessment • Carolingian Dynasty • Charlemagne

1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne HOME MAP Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Summarize how each person listed below helped spread Christianity. Method of Spreading Christianity Clovis Converted himself and his army Benedict Wrote rule book for monasteries Gregory I Extended papal power; blended church and government power Charles Martel Defeated Muslims at Battle of Tours Charlemagne Spread Christianity through conquests; was crowned emperor by pope continued. . .

1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne HOME MAP Section 1 Assessment 2. After the fall of the Roman Empire, learning declined. How was this trend offset during the early Middle Ages? THINK ABOUT • the establishment of monasteries • Charlemagne’s accomplishments ANSWER Possible Responses: • Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, copied books, and wrote scholarly works. • Charlemagne opened a palace school and supported learning. continued. . .

1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne HOME MAP Section 1 Assessment 3. How does Charlemagne’s empire in medieval Europe compare with the Roman Empire? THINK ABOUT • the extent of the empire • the spread of Christianity • how long each empire endured ANSWER Possible Responses: • Charlemagne’s empire covered parts of western Europe, a much smaller area than the Roman Empire. • Both empires helped spread Christianity. • Charlemagne’s empire lasted only 75 years, while the Roman Empire endured for nearly 600 years. End of Section 1

2 HOME Feudalism in Europe GRAPH Key Idea New invasions create chaos in western Europe. People look to local leaders, rather than to a central ruler, for protection. The system of feudalism develops, in which protection is provided in exchange for land or labor. Social classes become well defined under this system. Overview Assessment

2 HOME Feudalism in Europe GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • lord • fief MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • vassal Europeans developed feudalism, a political and military system of protective alliances and relationships. The rights and duties of feudal relationships helped shape today’s forms of representative government. • knight • serf • manor • tithe Assessment

2 HOME Feudalism in Europe GRAPH Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the reasons why feudalism developed, and describe its consequences. Causes Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions; decline of centralized government Rise of Feudalism Effects Increased emphasis on warfare and the control of land; well-defined social classes continued. . .

2 HOME Feudalism in Europe GRAPH Section 2 Assessment 2. What benefits do you think a medieval manor provided to the serfs who lived there? What were the drawbacks? THINK ABOUT • the duties and rights of serfs • serfs’ living conditions ANSWER Possible Responses: Benefits: Fulfilled basic needs for food, shelter, and protection; provided security and a sense of belonging to a community Drawbacks: Limited freedom; backbreaking labor; no awareness of the outside world; poor living conditions End of Section 2

3 HOME The Age of Chivalry Key Idea Feudal lords create private armies of knights, who live by a complex set of ideals that guide behavior. Warfare is brutal, but poems idealize the life of a knight. In literature and songs, women are glorified as objects of romantic love. In reality most women are powerless. Overview Assessment

3 HOME The Age of Chivalry TERMS & NAMES Overview • chivalry • tournament MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The code of chivalry for knights glorified combat and romantic love. Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of romance in Western cultures. Assessment • troubadour

3 HOME The Age of Chivalry Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List ideas associated with chivalry. courtly love courage war games for glory epic poems Chivalry horses as status symbols Christian faith loyalty courtesy women on pedestal continued. . .

3 HOME The Age of Chivalry Section 3 Assessment 2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped or hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT • pros and cons of placing women on a “pedestal” • the Church’s view of women • the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text ANSWER Possible Responses: Helped women: Showed new respect and admiration; made the love between men and women more important; offset Church’s dim view of women Hindered women: Fostered unrealistic visions of women; encouraged a distant admiration of women instead of a respect for women’s abilities and ideas; valued unrequited love over relationships or marriage; applied to very few women continued. . .

3 HOME The Age of Chivalry Section 3 Assessment 3. What positive effects might the code of chivalry have had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT • the ideals of chivalry • the education of a knight • the importance of religious faith • the violence and constant warfare during the Middle Ages ANSWER Possible Responses: • • • taught boys about courtesy and honor softened the brutality of a warlike society created guidelines for social behavior encouraged the virtues of loyalty, faith, and bravery inspired great literature End of Section 3

4 HOME The Church Wields Power Key Idea German kings’ attempts to revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the Church by invading Italy fail. The Church resents the power German kings have to appoint church officials. Overview Assessment

4 HOME The Church Wields Power TERMS & NAMES Overview • clergy • sacrament MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • canon law Church leaders and political leaders competed for power and authority. Today many religious leaders still voice their opinions on political issues. • Holy Roman Empire Assessment • lay investiture

4 HOME The Church Wields Power Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. The dates below were significant during the Holy Roman Empire. Explain the importance of each date shown. 936 1077 1190 Otto I crowned king. Henry IV’s journey to Canossa (power struggle) Frederick I’s empire breaks up into feudal states. 962 Otto I crowned emperor. 1122 Concordat of Worms (power struggle) continued. . .

4 HOME The Church Wields Power Section 4 Assessment 2. Do you think the Concordat of Worms was a fair compromise for both the emperor and the Church? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the Church’s authority in spiritual matters • the emperor’s political power • the problems that remained unresolved ANSWER Possible Responses: Yes. It gave the Church the right to appoint bishops. No. The emperor still had ultimate control over the appointment of bishops. End of Section 4