European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Implementation of best available techniques (BAT) under the new European Union Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive A step forward for controlling pollution from industrial activities 1
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB) 20 staff within the Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) Unit of the Institute for 2
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 3 What is an EU Directive? A Directive lays down the aims, scope and key requirements that the Member States must transpose into their national legislation It does not prescribe all details – many detailed issues must be determined by the Member States themselves, e. g. limit values, permit fees, inspections, penalties for breaches Member States free to: extend scope of activities covered implement before Directive deadlines superimpose national policies / impose stricter requirements choose different permitting procedures
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 4 Evolution of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) regulatory framework Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control Directive 2008/1/EC of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (Codified version) Directive 2010/75/EU of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 5 IED amends a number of EU legislations It amends existing legislation concerning industrial emissions: Large Combustion Plants (LCP) Directive 2001/80/EC Waste Incineration (WI) Directive 2000/76/EC Directive on VOC emissions from solvents 1999/13/EC Directives related to the titanium dioxide industry 78/176/EEC, 82/883/EEC and 92/112/EEC European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation 166/2006
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 6 Annex 1 to the IED Wide range of industrial activities listed: Energy industries – LCP, refineries Production and processing of metals Mineral industries • Cement, lime, glass, ceramics Production of chemicals Waste management industries • Incineration • Some recovery or disposal operations ‘Other’ industries: • Pulp and paper, textile processing • Tanning of hides and skins • Intensive farming of pigs and poultry, slaughterhouses and animal byproduct processing, food drink and milk processing, surface treatment using solvents ~ 50 000 IPPC installations in Europe
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 8 Other related legislation Seveso Directive (industrial accidents) Water Framework Directive (quality standards for 41 priority substances) Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (for municipal sewage) Air Quality Directive (quality standards for NOX, SO 2, PM, lead, benzene, CO) National Emission Ceilings Directive (national total emission controls for NOX, SO 2, VOCs, ammonia) Landfill Directive (technical requirements for landfills) Environmental Liability environmental damage) Directive (in the case of EMAS Regulation (voluntary environmental management, audit and reporting scheme)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 9 The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control System Key instrument for minimising emissions and consumptions from most industrial activities. General framework: The purpose is to prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution from industrial activities; Achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole (avoiding shifting pollution from one environmental medium to another); Installations must be operated according to an integrated permit issued by competent authorities, containing emission limit values based on Best Available Techniques (BAT).
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Definition of BAT Note: in determining BAT, special consideration should be given to the criteria listed in Annex III of IED 10
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 ‘BAT reference documents’ (BREFs) Provide ‘BAT conclusions’ which shall be the reference for setting permit conditions Structured and prepared on the basis of established guidelines Based on an intensive exchange of information on: the performance of installations and techniques in terms of emissions and consumptions, etc. the techniques used, associated monitoring, economic and technical viability, etc. best available techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering all the issues concerned 12
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 13 Industrial Emission Directive (IED) operating scheme Prevention and control of pollution arising from industrial installations Industrial Emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) Directive 1 legislation Application of the best available techniques (BAT) 35 BREFs described in BAT reference documents (BREFs) BAT-based permit and emission limit values ~50 000 installations
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 14 Purpose and actors (1) Article 75 Committee TWG members: • Collect and exchange information • Provide expert opinions • Contribute to discussions • Participate in TWG meetings • Comment on BREF drafts Article 13 Forum European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB) TWG TWG • Industry • Member States • NGOs • Commission 35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 15 Purpose and actors (2) Article 75 Committee Article 13 Forum EIPPCB: • Steer exchange of information and work of TWG • Analyse / validate information from TWG • Actively participate in collection of information • Propose draft texts for BREF • Present BREF at the Forum European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB) TWG TWG • Industry • Member States • NGOs • Commission 35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 16 Purpose and actors (3) Article 75 Committee Forum: • Oversee exchange of information • Nominate experts to TWG • Give opinion on the BREFs • Give opinion on the guidance documents • Advise on EIPPCB work programme Article 13 Forum European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB) TWG TWG • Industry • Member States • NGOs • Commission 35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 17 Purpose and actors (4) Committee: • Vote on the BAT conclusions • Vote on the guidance documents Article 75 Committee Article 13 Forum European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB) TWG TWG • Industry • Member States • NGOs • Commission 35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 18 The ‘Sevilla process’ Industry TWG kick-off meeting Env. NGOs Draft 1 (D 1) Bulk of info. needed (incl. questionnaires) Member States + EFTA and Accession Countries Commission/ EIPPCB Draft 2 (D 2) Comments Final TWG meeting Final draft BREF BAT conclusions • Forum opinion on BREF • Adoption of BAT conclusions through the Committee BAT conclusions
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Information exchange tool: BATIS TWG scattered around Europe => infrequent face-to-face interactions Electronic tool: BAT Information System (BATIS) 21
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Dynamic aspects of BAT and review of BREFs BAT is a dynamic concept, e. g. : New techniques may emerge; Science and technology in constant evolution; New environmental processes are being successfully introduced into the industry; Costs of techniques change. Since the elements of BAT change over time, BREFs have to be reviewed and updated as appropriate. Purpose of a BREF review: Not to rewrite the whole BREF; Review new information which may affect BAT; Correct errors and inconsistencies with other BREFs; Improve user-friendliness and fill possible gaps. 22
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Review of BREFs First series (33 documents) completed in 2007 Review process started: Cement & Lime (2005); Iron & Steel, Pulp and Paper, Glass (2006); Non-Ferrous Metals, Tanneries, Common Waste Water/Waste Gas (2007); Refineries, Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs, Ferrous Metals (2008); Chlor-Alkali (2009); Large Volume Organic Chemicals (2010); Large Combustion Plants, Wood-based Panels (2011). Work program 2012 – 2013: 2 reviews start per year; 2012 -2013: Wood Preservation with Chemicals Products, Waste Treatments, Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and others, Waste Incineration. 23
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Review process for the Iron and Steel Industry BREF 24
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 25 Milestones in the review process for the IS BREF October 2005 Activation of the TWG for the review of the Iron and Steel BREF and submission of TWG wishes September 2006 TWG kick off meeting February 2008 First draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1250 comments received) July 2009 Second draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1385 comments received) January 2010 Third draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF February 2010 Final TWG meeting April 2010 Fourth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF October 2010 Fifth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF June 2011 Final draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF September 2011 Forum opinion on the full BREF including BAT conclusions November 2011 Adoption of the BAT conclusions by the Committee
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 26 Main updates and changes in the revised IS BREF Restructuring and rewriting of the document, including: introduction of 115 new references; improving or replacing of 160 pictures; improving and updating of 180 tables. Assessing and comments; consideration of approximately 3000 Adoption and modification necessary according to the IED: 95 BAT conclusions in one chapter of the BREF with a new format (including description, applicability) the BAT conclusions will be a stand-alone document); adapting of standard texts.
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Scope of the IS BREF This document addresses industrial activities specified in Annex I to the IED, namely: Activity 1. 3: Production of coke; Activity 2. 1: Metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting and sintering; Activity 2. 2: Production of pig iron or steel (primary and secondary fusion) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2. 5 tonnes per hour. The document also covers pelletisation plants. 27
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 28 Scope of the IS BREF 1 Sinter Plant ores hot blast fluxes Pelletisation Plant coal Coking Plant oxygen Casting / Blast hot metal Basic Oxygen Secondary Rolling / Furnace Metallurgy Finishing reductant injection Slag Processing Steel products 2 scrap hot metal Electric Arc Furnace electric energy Secondary Metallurgy Casting / Rolling / Finishing
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 The key environmental issues in IS Production The key environmental issues are: the reduction of emissions to air and water; efficient energy and raw material usage; minimisation, recovery and the recycling of process residues; effective environmental and energy management systems; nuisance by noise emissions. 29
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 30 Structure of the revised IS BREF Preface Scope Chapter 1: General Information (Steel production related data and key environmental issues) EMS, LCP, materials and water Chapter 2: General processes and techniques management, monitoring, noise Chapter 3: Sinter plants Chapter 4: Pelletisation plants Chapter 5: Coke oven plants Chapter 6: Blast furnaces Chapter 7: Basic oxygen steelmaking and casting Chapter 8: Electric arc steelmaking and casting Section 1 - Applied processes and techniques Section 2 - Current consumption and emission levels Section 3 - Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Structure of the revised IS BREF Chapter 9: BAT conclusions for iron and steel production Chapter 10: Alternative ironmaking techniques Chapter 11: Emerging techniques (related to chapter 2 – 8) Chapter 12: Concluding remarks and recommendations References Glossary Chapter 13: Annexes 31
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand 32
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand Sinter plants are the major source for dust, heavy metal and dioxin emissions in IS production from ores Untreated waste gases from sinter plants are characterized by: high content of fine particles; high concentrations of dioxins, Hg, SO 2, HF and HCl; high specific dust resistivity due to high alkaline content. 33
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 34 Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand mixing drum Option: : Option • returntoto sinterstrand • treatment • disposal sinter strand waste gas suction Additives injection ESP Cyclone Bag filter required: : filter internal dustreturn Lime (HCl, HF, precoating) Carbon additive sinter strand (PCDD/F, Hg) (SO 2) • Disposal • • Disposal treatment • return to Return to sinter strand Water, lime required: optional : pre--dedusting Stack Typical system arrangement for control of dust, PDCC/F, HCl, HF and SOx emissions
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Reduction of dust emissions from sinter strands 20. BAT for primary emissions from sinter plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by means of a bag filter. BAT for primary emissions for existing plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by using advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable. The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <1 – 15 mg/Nm 3 for the bag filter and <20 – 40 mg/Nm 3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator (which should be designed and operated to achieve these values), both determined as a daily mean value. Bag Filter Description: Bag filters used in sinter plants are usually applied downstream of an existing electrostatic precipitator or cyclone but can also be operated as a standalone device. Applicability: For existing plants requirements such as space for a downstream installation to the electrostatic precipitator can be relevant. Special regard should be given to the age and the performance of the existing electrostatic precipitator. 35
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Reduction of dioxin emissions from sinter strands 25. BAT for primary emissions from sinter strands is to reduce emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by using injection of adequate adsorption agents into the waste gas duct of the sinter strand before dedusting with a bag filter or advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable. The BAT- associated emissions level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0. 05 – 0. 2 ng I-TEQ/Nm 3 for the bag filter and <0. 2 – 0. 4 ng-ITEQ/Nm 3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator, both determined for a 6 – 8 hour random sample under steady-state conditions. 36
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace 37
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace Typical system arrangement for control of dust and PDCC/F emissions 38
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Example for BAT conclusions: Reduction of dust emissions from electric arc furnace 89. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to achieve an efficient extraction of dust emissions from all emission sources by using one of the techniques listed below and to use subsequent dedusting by means of a bag filter: I. a combination of direct off-gas extraction (4 th or 2 nd hole) and hood systems II. direct gas extraction and doghouse systems III. direct gas extraction and total building evacuation (low-capacity electric arc furnaces (EAF) may not require direct gas extraction to achieve the same extraction efficiency). The overall average collection efficiency associated with BAT is >98 %. The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <5 mg/Nm 3, determined as a daily mean value. 39
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 40 Example for BAT conclusions: Reduction of dioxin emissions from electric arc furnace 90. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to prevent and reduce polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) emissions by avoiding, as much as possible, raw materials which contain PCDD/F and PCB or their precursors (see BAT 6 and 7) and using one or a combination of the following techniques in conjunction with an appropriate dust removal system: I. appropriate post-combustion Applicability of BAT I: In existing plants, circumstances like available space, given off-gas duct system, etc. need to be taken into consideration for assessing the applicability. II. appropriate rapid quenching III. injection of adequate adsorption agents into the duct before dedusting. The BAT-associated emission level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0. 1 ng I-TEQ/Nm 3, based on a 6 – 8 hour random sample during steady-state conditions. In some cases, the BAT-associated emission level can be achieved with primary measures only.
European IPPC Bureau Seminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 Thank you for your attention European IPPC Bureau ivan. jankov@ec. europa. eu Tel. : +34 954 488 250 http: //eippcb. jrc. es European IPPC Bureau 41
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