European Feudalism What lead to FEUDALISM Germanic invaders

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European Feudalism

European Feudalism

What lead to FEUDALISM? Germanic invaders raided the western half of the Roman Empire

What lead to FEUDALISM? Germanic invaders raided the western half of the Roman Empire 1. Constant fighting 2. Disruptions in trade Ø Cities no longer economic centers 3. Downfall of cities Ø Governments collapsed Ø Nobles retreat to rural areas URBAN people move to RURAL areas

consequences of population shift to rural areas literacy declined only way to be educated

consequences of population shift to rural areas literacy declined only way to be educated was through Catholic Church loss of common language Ø Germanic invaders mixed with the Romans different languages evolved from Latin -French -Spanish breakup of unified empire Ø kings couldn’t defend lands Ø people loyal to local leaders with armies

REMEMBER: the feudal system was based on rights and obligations Fief- granted land Lord-

REMEMBER: the feudal system was based on rights and obligations Fief- granted land Lord- the landowner, he gave permission for people to use his land Vassal- the person using the land Manor- the lord’s estate

King Nobles & Church Officials Knights Peasants Serfs

King Nobles & Church Officials Knights Peasants Serfs

King • The land legally belonged to the king

King • The land legally belonged to the king

Noble • Nobles granted use of land if they ØSwore loyalty to king ØGave

Noble • Nobles granted use of land if they ØSwore loyalty to king ØGave military services to king • Powerful vassal • Wealthy • Controlled Knights

Noblewoman • Could inherit estates her husband • Held little property Ø Land passed

Noblewoman • Could inherit estates her husband • Held little property Ø Land passed to sons • Could send knights to war • If husband was off fighting Ø Military commander Ø Warrior • Basic education

Church Official • Powerful vassal • Church was the bond among the divided social

Church Official • Powerful vassal • Church was the bond among the divided social classes • Peasant families paid a tax of one-tenth of their income (tithe) to the church

Knight • Nobles were always fighting each other ØNeeded skilled warriors to defend land

Knight • Nobles were always fighting each other ØNeeded skilled warriors to defend land • Pledged to defend land in exchanged for fiefs • Wealth from land allowed them to devote lives to war • Started training at age 7

Peasant Worked land Cared for animals Maintained Estate Owed lord ØSeveral workdays a week

Peasant Worked land Cared for animals Maintained Estate Owed lord ØSeveral workdays a week ØPortion of grain produced • Paid high taxes to live on land • Most traveled no more than 25 miles from where they were born • •

• Worked next to men in fields • Ran households and had children

• Worked next to men in fields • Ran households and had children • Girls learned household skills

• People who couldn’t leave the place they were born • Not slaves

• People who couldn’t leave the place they were born • Not slaves Ø Couldn’t be bought or sold - all labor produced belonged to lord • Lord provided Ø Housing Ø Farmland Ø Protection from bandits • Created everything the lord needed • Most children didn’t survive till adulthood Serf

king ble No Church Official Knights Peasants/Serfs

king ble No Church Official Knights Peasants/Serfs

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