EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Gold God Glory Motivations for Exploration

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EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

Gold God Glory Motivations for Exploration

Gold God Glory Motivations for Exploration

Marco Polo (1254 -1324) Stayed in the court of Kublai Khan; wrote about his

Marco Polo (1254 -1324) Stayed in the court of Kublai Khan; wrote about his experiences Travels of Marco Polo Fostered more interest about Asia

Motivations for Exploration Ottoman Turks controlled much of Middle East � Land travel now

Motivations for Exploration Ottoman Turks controlled much of Middle East � Land travel now more difficult and expensive! European sailors look for ocean routes to India and China

Spices Major Commodities Sugar Precious Metals

Spices Major Commodities Sugar Precious Metals

Other Motivations Religious conversion of natives Spirit of adventure and glory also important

Other Motivations Religious conversion of natives Spirit of adventure and glory also important

Means of Travel Caravels made long distance travel possible Astrolabe and magnetic compass for

Means of Travel Caravels made long distance travel possible Astrolabe and magnetic compass for navigation Better knowledge of wind patterns Caravel- small, fast, maneuverable ship with large cargo holds and triangular sails

Bartholomeu Dias • First! • Got to tip of the Cape of Good Hope

Bartholomeu Dias • First! • Got to tip of the Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama Alfonso de Albuquerque • Around Cape of • Invaded city of Good Hope! Malaka in India • Arrived at Calicut • Took over spice • Made HUGE profit trade from spices Muslims Portuguese

Christopher Columbus • Goal: Reach Asia by sailing west • Funded by Isabella and

Christopher Columbus • Goal: Reach Asia by sailing west • Funded by Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain • Four voyages • Discovered Caribbean Islands Ferdinand Magellan and Honduras • Goal: Find passage through South America • Founded Strait of Magellan in S. America • First to circumnavigate the globe Spanish Explorers

Portugal vs. Spain Portugal explores South Africa and Indian Ocean Spain explored Atlantic and

Portugal vs. Spain Portugal explores South Africa and Indian Ocean Spain explored Atlantic and Pacific Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) � Divided undiscovered territory in half � Portugal=East � Spain= West

Conquest of the Aztecs Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan in 1519 (550 soldiers) Made alliances

Conquest of the Aztecs Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan in 1519 (550 soldiers) Made alliances with enemies of the Aztecs Welcomed by Moctezuma (Aztec king) � Eventually captured and killed

Conquest of the Aztecs Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan in 1519 (550 soldiers) Made alliances

Conquest of the Aztecs Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan in 1519 (550 soldiers) Made alliances with other city -states Huge revolt in 1520 drove away invaders � Disease ended revolt in four months Tenochtitlan destroyed

THE SPANISH EMPIRE AND COLONIES

THE SPANISH EMPIRE AND COLONIES

The Conquistadors Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro

The Conquistadors Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro

Conquest of the Incas Later than Aztecs (1531) Pizarro lands with only 180 soldiers

Conquest of the Incas Later than Aztecs (1531) Pizarro lands with only 180 soldiers � Incans in middle of civil war Pizarro captures and executes Atahuallpa (Incan emperor) New colony for Spain � � Controlled by parent country Linked by trade and government

How did they succeed?

How did they succeed?