European Exploration and Colonization VUS 2 3 LESSON

European Exploration and Colonization VUS. 2 & 3 LESSON 1 - BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Exploration & Colonization Early European exploration and colonization resulted in the redistribution of the world’s population Millions of people from Europe and Africa voluntarily and involuntarily moved to the New World. Exploration and colonization initiated worldwide commercial expansion agricultural products were exchanged between the Americas and Europe

Archaeologists believe that the first Americans may have arrived 40, 000 years ago. Crossed by Land bridge caused by low ocean levels People walked from Asia to modern day Alaska. Each group would develop its own language and culture.

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain interested in: making a profit by expanding sea trade. spreading Christianity. Isabella and Ferdinand sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus.

Columbus Wanted Instead sailed west in 1492 a new trade route to Asia. he landed in the islands of the Caribbean Sea and “discovered” America.

Cultural, economic, and political differences between the Europeans and the American Indians 1 2 Led to conflict when the Europeans tried to impose their culture and Christianity on the Native Americans. The Native Americans lost their traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe. 3 The colonists needed the Native Americans in order to survive. 4 The Native Americans absorbed many features of European life which threatened their cultural identity.

Biggest difference between Native Americans and European settlers was their attitude towards land ownership. Europeans Native Americans • Believed land was a commodity • Believed land resources which could be bought and sold. were made available by the spirits to use • Individual ownership of land • land could not be owned. was the basis of European • graves of their tribal ancestors economic life. and was sacred.

The Europeans brought languages, laws, and customs. crops such as wheat and domesticated animals such as the horse and cow. technology like firearms and the wheel. Returned to Europe with new crops from the Native Americans such as corn, potatoes, beans and tomatoes. wealth in the form of gold and silver.

European Exploration and Colonization VUS. 2 & 3 LESSON 2

Colonization Early 17 th century Europeans developed colonial empires following several broad settlement patterns. Spanish dominated Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Also extended into North America and modern-day Florida

Reasons for Spanish defeat of native civilizations. New Disease New Technology Came to the New World seeking gold and silver. Exploited the land the native people. Established permanent settlements which often led to violent conflicts with the First Americans.

French Exploration & Colonization French explored: Canada, the Mississippi River Valley and present day Louisiana did not lead to large-scale immigration from France.

Exploration & Colonization The French did not set up permanent settlements in North America until the early 17 th century. French came for gold, but they did not find it. Wealth came from trading in fur pelts with the Native Americans.

French relations with the native peoples were more cooperative. French used the land like the Native Americans Since they did not build many permanent settlements, they did not force the Indians off their land.

British Exploration & Colonization By the end of the 16 th century, England’s ruling family created a strong, wealthy nation. Funded American and other trade expeditions. Colonization of North America was proposed as a solution to England’s surplus population problem.

Roanoke Colony in North Carolina (15871590) First attempt at British Colonization failed

Jamestown (Virginia) Colony established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London created as a business venture It was the first permanent English settlement in North America.

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The English established thirteen colonies along the eastern (Atlantic) coast of North America.

Joint-Stock companies Enterprises with financial responsibility shared by a large number of owners and run by elected directors. funded the earliest British colonial ventures. The Virginia Company established Jamestown as a corporate colony in 1607. Established with a charter (a development license) granted by the King of England, The company failed, but the colony survived.

Reasons English came to the Atlantic colonies religious freedom Economic opportunity

English relations with Native Americans Conflict arose when more English settlers arrived. disease and war took its toll on the native tribes. The English colonies produced colonial wealth from tobacco indigo other agricultural products.

European Exploration and Colonization VUS. 2 & 3 LESSON 3

Mercantilism nationalist economic policy designed to enhance the power and wealth of the mother countries colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country. dominated all European colonization

For England the colonies were a reliable source of raw materials. The colonies were also markets for finished products from the mother country. mercantilism created a system of interdependence between the “mother country” and its colonies.

Early 1700 s-the British government rarely interfered in the affairs of its colonies. They allowed colonial assemblies to conduct local business. This is called salutary (beneficial) neglect. Trade flourished between the colonies and Great Britain.

Exploration & Colonization A strong belief that characterized colonial life: private free ownership of property enterprise Colonial American life was based on the principle of inequality.

Gentry men and women wealthy enough to afford others to work for them. Set themselves apart from the rest of society by wearing wigs, silk stockings, lace cuffs, and the latest fashions in suits, dresses and hats. The gentry devoted much time to displaying their status and perfecting their gentle manners. Both William Byrd and Benjamin Franklin worked hard at being accepted as gentlemen who were refined, well-mannered and respected.

Society and government in the southern colonies was dominated by a small group of landowning men. In Colonial America, women were inferior to men. Women had no legal or political standing and could not own land. Without property, they could never be independent.

New England colonies Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Connecticut. Middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Southern colonies Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

13 colonies Map Label the 13 colonies Use 3 colors to color in the 3 different regions. (textbook map pgs. ) New England- pg. 51 Middle- pg. 57 Southern- pg. 48 Create a map key

European Exploration and Colonization VUS. 2 & 3 LESSON 4

New England Settlers The New England colonies (4) – Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut Settled by Puritans looking for religious freedoms and economic opportunities Formed “covenant communities”

Exploration & Colonization The Puritans felt that the Anglican Church was beyond reforming. Obtained a charter for them to settle in Virginia. Blown off course, they landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in 1620.

New England Economic Characteristics $$$ Climate, soil, and natural resources shaped economic development Economy based off Shipbuilding Fishing Lumber Small-scale farming Eventually manufacturing Reflected the Puritan belief in hard work

New England Social Characteristics Puritans were not tolerant of other religions Puritans connected religion with government – did not like dissenters Rhode Island was founded by dissenters from Mass. Dissenter- a person who differs in opinion or disagrees with an established church, political party, or majority opinion.

New England Political Life Mayflower compact This agreement kept the Puritans together and established the idea of self-government Practiced direct democracy through town hall meetings “Athenian” form of direct democracy

Middle Colonies Settlers The Middle-Atlantic Colonies (4) – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Settled by English, Dutch, & German-speaking immigrants Seeking economic opportunities and religious freedom Who are Dutch? Netherlands (Holland)

Middle Colonies Economic Characteristics $$$ Economy based off Shipbuilding Small-scale farming Trading New York City & Philadelphia develop as seaports and commercial centers

Middle Colonies Social Characteristics Very tolerant of religious groups Diverse Pennsylvania – Quakers New York – Jewish & Huguenots New Jersey – Presbyterians Flexible social structures develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners) and small farmers.

Middle Colonies Political Life Practiced Democratic principles that reflected basic rights of Englishmen

Southern Colonies Settlers The Southern Colonies (5) – Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Poor English immigrants seeking Economic opportunity English nobility “Cavaliers” – received large land grants from the King Indentured servants – agreed to work on the plantation for a free ride over to the New World

Jamestown, VA Jamestown, established by the Virginia Company of London in 1607, became the 1 st permanent English settlement in North America

Southern Colonies Economic Characteristics $$$ Southern colonies Plantations grew “cash crops” Tobacco Indigo Mountains – hunting, fishing Strong belief in private land ownership

Southern Colonies Social Characteristics Social structure was based on family status and land ownership Kept close ties back home in Britain and the Anglican Church

Southern Colonies Social Characteristics The colony of Maryland was founded as a safe haven for Catholics. The king gave Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, land in the new world.

Southern Colonies Political Life The House of Burgesses, established in 1640 1 st elected assembly (lawmakers) in the New World Representative government still existed today – known as the General Assembly in Richmond, VA The Southern colonies maintained stronger ties with Britain

European Exploration and Colonization VUS. 2 & 3 LESSON 5

Great Awakening religious movement in both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700 s. Led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions such as the Methodist & Baptist Challenged the established religious and governmental order. It laid one of the social foundations for the American Revolution. This religious revival empowered women.

Great Awakening Many ministers felt that the colonists had fallen away from the faith of their Puritan ancestors. They held revival that especially influenced women and children. The Great Awakening put less emphasis on the importance of the clergy and encouraged people to speak for themselves. In the end, the Great Awakening became a challenge to the social and political order of British North America.

Slavery in the South The plantation-based agriculture in the South required cheap labor Labor demand first filled by indentured servants poor people from Europe that agreed to work for a free ride to America or to pay off a debt

Slavery in the South 1619 - The 1 st Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown to work on tobacco plantations After 1619, most plantation labor needs came from forcible importation of Africans These African slaves were brought over on the “Middle Passage”

Exploration & Colonization Middle Passage the voyage of the Africans from Africa to the Americas. As slaves, they were forced to endure chains, heat, disease, and poor sanitation. Many died before reaching the Americas.

Exploration & Colonization.

The Middle Passage Conditions along the Middle Passage

The Effects of Slavery The development of slave-based plantations, eventually led to a conflict between the Northern & Southern stats – The Civil War

Exploration & Colonization mid-1700 s, the Atlantic colonies consisted prosperous towns farms, and plantations. The British colonists began feeling crowded, Some of the settlers began pushing westward in search of land on which they could claim their independence and maintain their households.

Do-Now

Do-now 1 Pick up a notes packet on the front table. Turn to page #1 1. What are some reasons that make people move?

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