European Commission European Policies for a sustainable mobility

European Commission European Policies for a sustainable mobility Massimo Costa European Commission DG TREN 17 December 2005 Directorate general for Energy and Transport

Deterioration of the modal split 4000 Passengers in billion pass. km Goods in billion tonnes/km Goods Road 44% Sea 41% Rail 8% Inland waterways 4% 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Passengers 1000 Road 79% Rail 6% Air 5% 500 0 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 Cars or lorries Air Coach Rail Inland waterways Pipeline Directorate general for Energy and Transport Short-sea shipping

The White Paper - European Transport Policy for 2010: time to decide A clear programme of 60 measures to re-orientate the Common transport policy to ensure: • Economic growth (3%GDP – Lisbon European Council) • to facilitate the enlargement of the EU Directorate general for Energy and Transport 3

The White Paper - European Transport Policy for 2010: time to decide General Objectives: • reducing accidents (40 000 road fatalities per year) • reducing environmental damage (Kyoto -8% CO 2 20082012) and increase in energy supply • reducing congestion (now 0. 5% of GDP): 50% growth in road freight 1998 -2010 forecast in ”do-nothing” scenario Directorate general for Energy and Transport 4

White Paper: Objectives and measures Instruments “Liberalization” for railways: open market 2003 -2007 freight and 2010 passengers Marco Polo intermodal promotion programme (2003) Road safety and social legislation improvement and enforcement TEN Guidelines (2004): priority to investments in railway bottlenecks Directorate general for Energy and Transport 5

White Paper: Objectives and measures Horizontal Instruments Galileo (2008) European Single Sky (2003) Fair pricing for infrastructure use and harmonised taxation Safety measures Directorate general for Energy and Transport 6

White Paper Indicators Decoupling of transport and GDP (in vehicles km) Going back to 1998 modal split Maintain modal share of rail transport at 35% in new Member States Reducing road fatalities by 50% Directorate general for Energy and Transport 7

Railways It is necessary to achieve a modal shift in favour of rail transport but possibly in the framework of optimisation of the: “infrastructure design” “technique of motion” “load factor” Directorate general for Energy and Transport 8

Railways Rail transport requires “in adequate conditions of traffic management” less global specific energy (energy/“vehicle total mass”*Km) in comparison with road transport for many technical reasons Directorate general for Energy and Transport 9

Railways Rail infrastructure needs planning of smaller slopes to achieve sufficient adhesion between “wheels and rails” The altimetry profile is consequently and “fortunately” optimized in the planning phases to save energy during the motion Directorate general for Energy and Transport 10

Railways “Intelligent profiles” of altimetry can also be achieved in the planning phase of urban railways (see Underground): In this way it is possible - with an appropriate design - to partially exchange kinetic energy in potential energy and vice-versa in each section included between two stations Directorate general for Energy and Transport 11

Railways In the urban context the greater amount of energy needs is linked to the variability of the motion. Rail systems generally may optimise the number and the shape of “stop and go cycles” better than each road “intelligent” systems or economical “drive styles”. Directorate general for Energy and Transport 12

Railways “Load Factor”: Payng load / Load capacity (freight) Passengers on board/ number of seats (passengers) Directorate general for Energy and Transport 13

Railways The “Load Factor” is a dramatic parameter in transport field for the relevant effects on the costs /”final benefits” rate: Energy / Pass* Km Energy / Tons of freight *Km Directorate general for Energy and Transport 14

Railways This problem mainly occurs in passengers services and often depends on the low degree of flexibility of train compositions (“passengers block trains”) Directorate general for Energy and Transport 15

Railways Liberalisation ↓ Concurrency ↓ Costs reduction ↓ Improvement of “Load Factor” ↓ Further reduction of specific Energy consumption in rail transport ↓ Sustainability Directorate general for Energy and Transport 16

Railways European target/goals in railways : – Liberalisation : open access – Interoperability between networks – Financing rolling stocks ( perspectives) – Safety improvement / Traffic optimisation ( European Railway Traffic Management System) – Action in favour of rail freight traffic and intermodality – Savfeguard of passenger rights Directorate general for Energy and Transport 17

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport Mobility 80% of european cityzen lives in urban areas 35 km trip each day person in average 50% of trips less than 4 km, only 10% by public services Directorate general for Energy and Transport 18

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport Research and initiatives CIVITAS, CUTE “Benchmarking”, dissemination of best practice Partership whit stakeholders Legislation Directorate general for Energy and Transport 19

CIVITAS : Strategies in urban transports Integrated approach to urban transports www. civitas-initiative. org Directorate general for Energy and Transport 20

CIVITAS : Cities Göteborg Stockholm Malmö Bristol Winchester Norwich Preston Kaunas Rotterdam Cork Aalborg Odense Tallinn Berlin Bremen Stuttgart Gydnia Krakow Lille Nantes Toulouse La Rochelle Prague Bucharest Suceava Poliesti Graz Ljubljana Barcelona Burgos Pecs Debrecen Rome Genoa Venice Potenza Directorate general for Energy and Transport 21

Wath’s CIVITAS? • Changing of integration between techologies and plitical decision • High political engagement Directorate general for Energy and Transport 22

Exemples CIVITAS (1) • Public vehicles fleets with high energetic performance, less polluting, with innovative solutions • Public vehicles fleets with high energetic performance, less polluting, with innovative solutions ( hybrid vehicles) • Systems for the selected acces of clean vehicles, pedestrian, bicycles. • Integrated pricing • Strategic actions to improve the use of puclic services Directorate general for Energy and Transport 23

Exemples CIVITAS (2) • New car property/use way, life styles “less dependent” from de car use • New planning of freight distribution in urban areas • Innovative measures « light » to manage mobility demand • Integration : transport management, information systems, GALILEO Directorate general for Energy and Transport 24

Exemples CIVITAS (3) Graz: bus fleets with bio fuel supply Lille: 160 bus methane coming from recycling domestic wastes Rome: introduction of limited access area in the center : 20 % reduction of the traffic Bristol: new logistic in freight deliveries : 66% reduction of trips Directorate general for Energy and Transport 25

CIVITAS - « benchmarking » for Urbain Transport Comparaison des systèmes de transport de différentes villes afin d’identifier les meilleures pratiques. Action complémentaire à CIVITAS. Projet sur 3 ans (Juillet 2003 / juin 2006). 35 à 40 villes chaque année. Groupes de travaux thématiques. www. transportbenchmarks. org Directorate general for Energy and Transport 26

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport CO 2 voluntary agreements of EC with automobiles industries associations in order to achieve a quantified average emission of CO 2 / Km: ACEA ( European) JAMA ( Japanese) Kama ( Korean Directorate general for Energy and Transport 27

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport Target: to achieve 140 g. CO 2 /Km in the average for new passenger cars sold in EU: Deadlines : 2008( ACEA) 2009 ( JAMA and KAMA) Directorate general for Energy and Transport 28

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport CO 2 targets have to be achieved “mainly” by: Technological developments Market changes Directorate general for Energy and Transport 29

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport The fleet of new cars put on the market in 2008/2009 will consume on average: 5. 8 l of petrol 5. 25 l of diesel per 100 Km Directorate general for Energy and Transport 30

EU policies to reduce energy use in transport Therefore in the agreements is included an implicit engagement to reduce the average mass of passenger cars: ↓ Possible change in long terms of mobility approach and philosophy Directorate general for Energy and Transport 31

White paper - summary The White Paper set a long term framework for developing Common Transport Policy; Good progress in terms of legislative proposals; Particular success stories are Galileo, Single Sky, TEN-T, maritime safety, Marco Polo, biofuels, and rail freight; There is still work to be done on infrastructure charging, aviation taxation and open skies in order to find a political agreement; Work is underway for the assessment of the implementation of the White Paper measures fixed for 2005. Directorate general for Energy and Transport 32

Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) Chapter on TENs was introduced to EU Treaty in 1993 (Maastricht treaty) The TEN Guidelines were first adopted in 1996 aiming at: Integrating national networks and modes of transport Linking peripheral regions of the Union to the centre Improving safety and efficiency of the networks 14 priority “Essen” projects were included as identified by the EU Heads of State and Government in 1994 Directorate general for Energy and Transport 33

Revision of TEN-T guidelines 2004 Policy context – White Paper of 2001 Time horizon 2020 Stimulate economic development and Common Market Enlargement as from 1 st May 2004 (integration into EU, increased trade and traffic volumes) Sustainability requires modal rebalancing and improved intermodality and interoperability TEN-T is a reference network for application of other EU transport policies (interoperability, infrastructure charging, weekend bans etc) Subsidiarity issues Safety and security (e. g. traffic management systems and Galileo) Directorate general for Energy and Transport 34

Economic situation - Investments as % GDP 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1980 -86 1987 -93 1994 -2001 1. 50 1. 00 0. 50 0. 00 UK Sweden Spain Portugal Netherlands Luxembourg Italy Ireland Greece Germany France Finland Denmark Belgium Austria Directorate general for Energy and Transport 35

Objectives for the TEN-T European priorities targeted by focussing investments on 30 priority axes and projects Sustainability addressed by giving priority to rail, intermodality and Motorways of the sea Organisational means improved to facilitate coordination of funding and implementation of projects along the major axes Financial framework adapted to enable concentration and target bottlenecks at border crossings Directorate general for Energy and Transport 36

Inland navigation Europe: 30. 000 km rivers and canals. Possibilities of intermodal transport with road, rail and maritime. Commission’s objectives for inland navigation: Improve integration of inland navigation into the European transport system. Create favourable conditions for the development of the sector. Encourage enterprises to utilise this mode of transport. Directorate general for Energy and Transport 37

Financing the TEN-T Costs of realisation of full network is € 600 billion to be completed by 2020 € 250 billion of which for the priority projects Sources of funding: National funding European funding (TEN-budget, ERDF, Cohesion Fund) EIB loans Private sector Direct user contribution – charging - important Directorate general for Energy and Transport 38

Financing the TEN-T Innovative financing to facilitate private financing Infrastructure charging Public-Private partnerships Guarantee mechanisms EIB’s Structured Finance Facility New Guarantee Instrument Directorate general for Energy and Transport 39

Connections outside of the enlarged EU Good links between the EU and the neighbouring countries are important Cooperation exists in the context of the Pan. European Corridors and Areas since the 1990 s Establishment of a High Level Group by the EC in October 2004. The Group should submit its first report by 15 th December 2004 and complete its recommendations to the Commission in the second half of 2005. The Group includes 25 neighbouring countries. Directorate general for Energy and Transport 40

General Objectives Development of interoperable transport connections between the EU and the neighbouring regions. Identification of priority connections and projects between major trans-European axes and the neighbouring regions, covering Russia and the Western New Independent States, the Balkans, the Mediterranean region, Turkey and the Black Sea Region. Directorate general for Energy and Transport 41

Santiago conclusions Development of interoperable transport connections between the EU and the neighbouring regions is an issue of utmost importance Priority connections and projects between major trans. European transport axes and the neighbouring regions should be identified covering Russia and the Western New Independent States, the Balkans, the Mediterranean region, Turkey and the Black Sea region Establishment of a High Level Group by the EC is welcomed - the Group should submit its first report by 15 th December 2004 and complete its recommendations to the Commission in the second half of 2005 Directorate general for Energy and Transport 42

Further information European Commission Directorate General for Energy and Transport http: //europa. eu. int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/ / Directorate general for Energy and Transport 43