European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Future Mobility in Europe l Challenges l EU transport policy l Alternative fuels Franz Söldner European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Slide 1

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Growing challenges Growing congestion and poorer accessibility. An infrastructure gap in the enlarged EU Increasing oil price and persistent oil dependency. Deterioration of climate and local environment Increasing competitive pressure in the global economy Slide 2

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Rising Oil Price and Oil Dependency l Transport depends on oil for about 96% of its energy needs. l The transport sector accounts for almost 90% of the projected increase in global oil use. . . Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010 Source: Prometheus, NTUA (E 3 MLab) 750 million cars today, 2. 2 billion in 2050 The depletion of reserves and growing global demand would lead to ever higher oil prices. Slide 3

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Oil Consumption EU-27 Slide 4

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions EU-27 Transport Slide 5

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Air Pollution in Europe (NO 2) Slide 6

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Policy Drivers on Sustainable Mobility • High demand on finite energy sources (Range of conventional oil: ~ 45 years) • Increasing energy import dependence (Import dependence for oil: 84% at present) • Increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Increase of transport CO 2 emissions: 25% since 1990) • Persistent air quality problems (Cities: particulates, NOx - Ships and boats: sulphur) Slide 7

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Policy Objectives on Sustainable Mobility l Improve energy efficiency contribute to reduction of energy demand l Substitute oil by alternative fuels contribute to security of energy supply l Reduce CO 2 emissions contribute to climate protection l Reduce pollutant emissions contribute to reduction of health impact Slide 8

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport EU Transport White Paper 2011 l Vision for the transport system by 2050 l 1 target: -60% greenhouse gas emissions l 10 indicative goals to guide policy action l 40 actions in 4 areas: o Internal Market o Innovation o Infrastructure o International Slide 9

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport . . A CO 2 Target for Transport Goal: limit climate change to 2° EU objective: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels Source: PRIMES-TREMOVE and TREMOVE Transport accounts for 25% of EU greenhouse gas emissions: 60% passenger transport Source: PRIMES, NTUA (E 3 MLab) 23% urban 21% inter-continental Slide 10

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Measures in Support of Clean Vehicles Supply side measures l Regulation of pollutant emissions Reduction of pollutant emissions through EURO standards l Regulation of CO 2 emissions Cars: 130 g/km by 2015; 95 g/km by 2020 Light Duty Vehicles: 175 g/km by 2017 l Renewable Energy Directive 10% share of motor fuels from renewable energy sources by 2020 l Fuel Quality Directive Reduction of CO 2 intensity of fuels by 6 % by 2020 Demand side measures l Greening Transport Internalisation of external costs into vehicle operation (Eurovignette) l Directive on the promotion of clean and energy efficient vehicles Inclusion of energy consumption, CO 2, and pollutant emissions in the purchase decision Slide 11

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Clean Vehicle Directive Monetisation of Lifetime Costs Pollutants CO 2 Fuel Vehicle Price Slide 12

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport EU-Activities on Alternative Fuels ¨ Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001) Biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen ¨ Directive on the market share of biofuels (5/2003) Market share 2% in 2005, rising to 5. 75% in 2010 ¨ Directive on the taxation of energy products (10/2003) Lower taxation of alternative fuels enabled ¨ Renewable Energy Directive (April 2009) ¨ Technology Platforms, Joint Technology Initiatives ¨ Green Cars Initiative of European Economic Recovery Plan (2008) ¨ Communication on clean and energy efficient vehicle strategy (4/2010) Binding target: 10% renewable transport fuels by 2020 Hydrogen/fuel cells (TP: 2004; JTI: 2008), Transport (2004), Biofuels (2005 ) Focus on electromobility (EU demonstration project Green e. Motion: 2011) Focus on improvement of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles Slide 13

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport EU-Support to Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (M€) Slide 14

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Alternative Fuels Strategy Comprehensive long-term fuel strategy All transport modes, all segments to be covered White Paper on Transport - Initiative 24 - Technology roadmap: Sustainable alternative fuels strategy including also the appropriate infrastructure White Paper on Transport - Initiative 26 - Regulatory framework: n Appropriate standards for CO 2 emissions of vehicles in all modes n Requirements on energy efficiency for all types of propulsion systems n Rules on interoperability of charging infrastructure for clean vehicles n Guidelines and standards for refuelling infrastructures Slide 15

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Steps to an EU Alternative Fuels Strategy l European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Stakeholder experts Future Transport Fuels Report: 25 January 2011 Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Report: December 2011 l Joint Expert Group Transport & Environment National experts European Alternative Fuel Strategy Report: May 2011 l Conference on Future Transport Fuels l Studies 13 April 2011 (European Sustainable Energy Week) Clean Transport Systems study: final report November 2011 Implementation study: launch 10/2011 l Public Consultation 11 August – 20 October 2011 Slide 16

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Future Transport Fuels Expert Group - Reports - http: //ec. europa. eu/transport/urban/vehicles/road/clean_transport_systems_en. htm Slide 17

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Energy Pathways Slide 18

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Land Efficiency of Biofuels Slide 19

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Land Efficiency of Biofuels 1 ha: Slide 20

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Fuel Choice Road - passenger Range Electric short medium long Road - freight short medium long Rail Water inland short-sea Air maritime BEV HFC Grid Biofuels (liquid) Synfuels Methane CNG CBG LNG LPG Slide 21

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Alternative Transport Fuel Options Main fuel options: n Electricity / hydrogen electromobility n Biofuels (liquid) Bridge from fossil to biomass based fuels: n Synthetic fuels (from coal, methane, biomass) Complementary: n Methane (natural gas and biomethane) Supplement: n LPG (now: from oil, natural gas; future: from biomass) Slide 22

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Cost of Fuels $/bl Oil price Alternative fuels Infrastructure costs for full EU coverage Electricity 20 million charging posts 40 b€ Hydrogen 100. 000 filling stations 50 b€ Speculative bubble 2007/8: Cost for EU transport: 90 b€ North-Africa unrest 2010/11: Cost for EU transport: 40 b€ Methane 100. 000 filling stations 40 b€ Slide 23

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Summary EU Transport Policy: White Paper 2011 l Vision of a sustainable European transport system 2050 l Sectoral target of 60% CO 2 reduction by 2050 l Ten goals for competitive and resource efficient transport l 40 initiatives with concrete actions in 4 areas Alternative Fuels Strategy l Comprehensive strategy for oil substitution in all transport l Package of fuels to cover all transport modes and segments o o Electromobility (battery electric; grid; hydrogen) Biofuels Methane LPG Slide 24

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Contact Clean Transport and Sustainable Urban Mobility: http: //ec. europa. eu/transport/urban/index_en. htm e-mail: franz-xaver. soeldner@ec. europa. eu Slide 25