Europe The Base of Imperialism Section 1 Key

Europe: The Base of Imperialism Section 1: Key Terms

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why did European nations seek to expand their power through Imperialism (Empire Building) around the world?

1. Nationalism n n n A connection to a people and/or a place Common language, religion, and national symbols Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic after the Enlightenment and following revolutions

2. Social Darwinism n "In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment. " Charles Darwin

2. Social Darwinism n n n “Junk” science Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment. ”

3. New Imperialism n n Africa n Asia Industrialized nations needed: • Raw materials • Customers for goods Targets for Imperialism: • Africa • Asia • Latin America European nations looking to control territory

Raw Materials: • • • • iron cotton rubber iron ore coal salt sugar coffee beans soybeans rice silk gold silver diamonds Sugar plantation Coffee harvest

4. Cash Crop/Commodities n n n A crop that is grown for money (profit, NOT sustenance). Coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, bananas, oranges and cotton are all grown as a source of income. A commodity is an item whose value is set by its quantity on the market

British Empire - 1914

French Empire - 1914

5. Colonialism n n Industrialized nations colonized underdeveloped nations trying to directly control all aspects of that nation Direct Rule (expensive) by European: • Governors • Officials • Soldiers n n Examples of Colonial control: France • • n Algeria Indo China Great Britain • India • Kenya British Officer/Local Troops

6. Protectorate n n 2 nd form of Imperial Control Indirect rule (much cheaper than colonialism) Local rulers maintain control with “guidance” from the Imperial Nations’ leadership (think puppet and puppet master) France • Tunisia • Morocco n Great Britain • Sheik of Kuwait • Egyptian King From North to South Africa the “Colossus of Rhodes”

7. Sphere of Influence n n n Europeans agree to “carve up” the country In China Europeans dealt directly with warlords establishing areas that barred others from trading. China is “carved up” by… • • • Russia Japan Germany Great Britain France China is divided between the Western powers

9. Extraterritoriality n n n British Scales of Justice Protects Europeans while overseas Not subject to local laws; exempt from the jurisdiction of local authorities Happens throughout European Imperial land holdings in China, Africa, India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East