Europe after the war After the War Yalta

Europe after the war

After the War

Yalta Conference Meeting of the Three Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill Decide what will happen in Post War Europe Divide Germany and Berlin into zones of influence Soviet Union will help in Pacific and get Japanese territories one reason Truman dropped the bomb

Potsdam Conference Meeting of the New Big Three Truman, Stalin, Atlee Divide Germany and demand unconditional surrender Redrawing the borders Poland should get land from Germany in payment for war took 25% between Russia and Poland

Germany’s Consequences Army is completely disbanded Must pay reparations to Russia in the form of industrial plants hurts Germany’s chances at recovery Wanted them to pay 10 billion dollars

Postwar Politics The Power Vacuum The great powers of the world were in shambles This leaves a space for new powers to become leaders Soviet Union and U. S. are the two remaining great powers Each of them vie for control and influence in rebuilding Europe

Post War Alliances United Nations A new and improved League of nations To maintain international peace and security

Post War Alliances United Nations The General Assembly The general assembly of nations in the organization Every nation would get an equal say Set up the organization and leadership of the UN Security council Made of Ten member nations 5 of them are permanent Britain, China, France, U. S. S. R. , U. S. Any nation can prevent action with veto power

The Cold War Begins

Wartime alliances end The enemy of my enemy is my friend Stalin creates a buffer zone Tries to protect himself from western aggressions Western powers see this as Soviet Expansion Stalin puts troops along the middle east Troops in Georgia

United States Aids Europe The Truman Doctrine The continued spread of communism is a threat to democracy The United States will aid any nation fighting communism Will aid Greece fighting a civil war The Policy of Containment The United States will act in effort to contain communism

United States Aids Europe The Marshall Plan War torn poverty stricken Europe was good for communism U. S. would provide money to rebuild Europe if they came up with the plan They also needed to remove trade barriers Provides American influence in Europe

Germany divided The Berlin Airlift Western powers begin unification of west Germany Soviet Union not a fan USSR wants a weak Germany June 1948 blocks all land water traffic into the city United States sends daily planes with food and supplies Raw materials for factories Over 200, 000 flights in one year The airlift is successful and the blockade is ended in May 1949

Germany Divided Formal division The western states unify into Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Capitol in Bonn Soviet Union creates German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

Peacetime Alliances NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization An alliance against the Soviet Union Attempt to work contain communism An attack on one is an attack on all Only invoked on 9/11

Peacetime Alliances Warsaw Pact Soviet reaction to NATO Alliance of Soviet Union and nations in its sphere of influence Satellite nations

The Arms Race

The Doomsday Clock Created in 1947 Originally set at 7 minutes Counts down the time to global annihilation

Stockpiling weapons • Increase the nuclear arsenal fourfold (x 4) • Mo’ weapons mo’ problems

Staying ahead of the soviets • Intercontinental Ballistic Missile • ICBM • Capable of being fired across the globe • The Minuteman missile • Can carry hydrogen warhead • Could be launched within 60 seconds of detected attack • Nuclear class submarines • Leads to increased tension with Russia

Fear of Nuclear Attack • Both countries have ICBM • Can hit any city in either country • The H-bomb tested • On a small island in the pacific • Russia has H-bomb within 9 months • 2 minutes to midnight • Duck and cover • You see a flash, you duck under your desk

Mutually Assured Destruction • MAD • If you bomb me I bomb you • “War Games” (cold war movie) • Enough to “effectively result in the complete utter, and irrevocable annihilation of both the attacker and the defender” • Strategy to deter other country from using nuclear weapon

The Space Race • Sputnik (“traveler”) launched in 1957 • First artificial satellite • Fears • Caught Americans off guard • Of spying • Of nuclear attacks • Real reasons • Scientific exploration • Information about the earth’s “spheres” • Study the earth’s geography

America Responds • Creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration • Increase in educational spending • Repay college loans for new teachers • Put money in education to create scientists

The Race to the Moon • Russia beat the United States in nearly every event • First Satellite Launch • Sputnik • First Lunar Probe • Luna 2 • First man in space • Yuri Gagarin • Also first to orbit the earth • First American in space • Alan Shephard

US wins space race • Increase NASA budget ~500% • Kennedy Proclaims • We will put a man on the moon by decades end • The Apollo missions • Apollo 11 • July 20, 1969 • United States wins the space race