EUROBROADMAP PROJECT FP 7 SHS Visions of Europe

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World YOUNGSTER’S VISION OF THE WORLD Claude GRASLAND (Univ. Paris Diderot) Clarisse DIDELON (Univ. Le Havre)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS FP 7 Eurobroadmap partners… 1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – France 2. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD) France 3. Université Libre de Belgique (ULB) - Belgium 4. Centro de Estudos Geogràficos (CEG) Portugal 5. Nordic Center for Spatial Development – Sweden 6. IRMCo - Malta 7. University Alexandru Ioan Cuza (UAIC) Romania 8. Dokuz Eylül University (DEU) – Turkey 9. University of São Paulo (USP) - Brazil 10. CAUPA Cameroon 11. East China Normal University (ECNU) - China 12. University of Delhi - India

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS A 3 years project (2009 -2011) n Subjective (di)visions of the World : WP. 2 and W. P. 3 n Political (di)visions of the World : WP. 4 n Functional (di)visions of the World : WP. 5 n Integrated visions : WP. 6

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS A Worldwide survey n 18 Countries n 43 Cities n 9341 Students n n n Arts Business Politics Engineer Health Social Science

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - F Visions of Europe in the World INTRODUCTION : STUDENTS EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD Mobility of students and scales of belonging

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Questions of Part A

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS International mobility (1)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS International mobility (2)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Communication

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Scales of belonging

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World A. THE CONCEPTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND ASYMETRY The example of Tunisian Students

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Question of part B

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS General framework for analysis DO NOT MENTION … WOULD NOT LIKE TO LIVE IN … WOULD LIKE TO LIVE IN … LIVE OR HAS LIVED IN. .

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (1) Analysis of countries quoted DO NOT MENTION … WOULD NOT LIKE TO LIVE IN … WOULD LIKE TO LIVE IN … LIVE OR HAS LIVED IN. .

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (2) Analysis of countries ignored DO NOT MENTION … WOULD NOT LIKE TO LIVE IN … WOULD LIKE TO LIVE IN … LIVE OR HAS LIVED IN. .

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (3) Analysis of countries where students come from DO NOT MENTION … WOULD NOT LIKE TO LIVE IN … WOULD LIKE TO LIVE IN … LIVE OR HAS LIVED IN. .

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS CONCEPTS & MEASURE NB : 255 Students observed in Sfax A : 244 answered to question B Y : 59 would like to live in Germany N : 19 would not like to live in Germany KNOWLEDGE = (Y+N) / A (0 to 100%) => 32 % of students mentionned Germany ASYMETRY = (Y-N) / (Y+N) (-1 to +1) => +0. 51 indicate a positive but balanced attraction

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Knowledge: Example of Tunisia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Knowledge: Comments on Tunisia n France is quoted in 1 st rank by 79% of Tunisian, which is more than usual (51%) n USA are quoted in 2 nd rank by 53% of Tunisian, which is a bit less than usual (60%) n Neighbours countries are over-mentionned ( Algeria, Lybia, Egypt, Italy …) n Iraq and Iran are less mentionned than usual (which means less negatively …) n Etc…

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Knowledge: general results

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Knowledge: General results

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Asymetry: Example of Tunisia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Asymetry: Comments on Tunisia n Some countries are more positive for Tunisian : ex. France (+0. 95 instead of +0. 67) n Some countries are less positive for Tunisian : ex. UK (+0. 31 instead of +0. 77) n Some countries are more negative for Tunisian : ex. Morocco (-0. 36 instead of -0. 05) n Some countries are less negative for Tunisian : ex. Iran (-0. 56 instead of -0. 95) n Some countries reverse from negative to positive : ex. Turkey (+0. 83 instead of -0. 37) or Syria (-0. 95 to +0. 57)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Asymmetry: General results

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS K & A : Example of Tunisia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS K & A: Specificities of Tunisia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS From measure to mental maps In which countries would you like to live in the near future ? n The SIZE of circles should be proportional to the degree of KNOWLEDGE by students. n The COLOUR of circles should be related to ASYMMETRY. With opposite colours for LIKE and DISLIKE.

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS WORLD MAPS (Tunisia)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS ZOOM MAPS (Tunisia)

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS ANAMORPHOSIS From … … to n The SIZE of countries should be proportional to the degree of KNOWLEDGE by students. n The COLOUR of countries should be related to ASYMMETRY. With opposite colours for LIKE and DISLIKE.

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World B. COMPARISON OF MENTAL MAPS OF STUDENTS Visualisation of states where students would like or not like to live

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS OLD EU MEMBER STATES

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS France

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Belgium

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Sweden

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Portugal

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS NEW MEMBER STATES

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Malta

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Hungary

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Romania

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS EASTERN NEIGHBORHOOD

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Moldova

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Turkey

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Azerbaïdjan

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS SOUTHERN NEIGHBORHOOD

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Egypt

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Tunisia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Senegal

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Cameroon

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS « BRIC » COUNTRIES

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Brazil

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Russia

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS India

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS China

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Correlation between positive visions (LIKE) eroon m a C & gal e n e S t& Egyp ia Tunis ION N NU EA P O R EU SIA S U R IL AZ R B CH IN DI A IN A

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Correlation between negative visions (NOT LIKE) Cameroon & Senegal CHINA BRAZI L t& Egyp a i Tunis Turkey WESTER N EUROPE EASTER N EUROPE & RUSSIA INDIA

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World C. ELABORATION OF A SYNTHETIC WORLD MAP Can we summarize the visions of the students of the 18 countries of the survey ?

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type A 1 : Global Pull

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type A 2 : Balanced Pull

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type B: Mixed Push-Pull

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type B : Mixed Push-Pull

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type C. 1 : Balanced Push

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Type C. 2 : Global Push

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Typology of world states

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World D. THE LAWS OF PERCEPTION What can explain the choice of countries where students would LIKE to live ?

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Qualitative assumptions n Because they have heard of the country n Because it is rich n Because it is open to migration n Because it is not far n Because it has historical linkage n Because it has a common language n…

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Quantitative formalisation

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (1) Size effect Hypothesis: BIG countries are more attractive than SMALL countries. 83 2

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (1) Size effect H 1 is true for all countries with very high level of significance

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (2) Economic effect Hypothesis: RICH countries are more attractive than POOR countries. 59 20

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (2) Economic effect H 2 is true for all countries with very high level of significance

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (3) Density effect (migratory policy) Hypothesis: EMPTY countries (open to migration) are more attractive than FULL countries (closed to migration) 48 16

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (3) Density effect H 3 is true for all countries but significant only for 6 out of 18

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (4) Distance effect Hypothesis: NEAR countries are more attractive than REMOTE countries 188 47

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (4) Distance effect H 5 is true for all countries but not very significant for France and not at all for China

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (5) Neighbourhood effect Hypothesis: CONTIGUOUS countries are more attractive than NON CONTIGUOUS 15 2

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (5) Neighbourhood effect H 5 is true only for France and Azerbaïdjan. The reverse hypothesis is true for Tunisia, Egypt, Cameroon and Russia.

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (6) Language effect Hypothesis: countries with COMMON LANGUAGE are more attractive than others 11 3

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (6) Language effect H 6 is true and significant for the majority of countries. But it is sometime not significant and is reversed in the case of Azerbaijan

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (7) Historical effect Hypothesis: countries with former COLONIAL RELATIONS are more attractive than others 59 188

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS (7) Historical effect H 6 is true for some countries (India, Malta, Tunisia …) but reversed for others (Azerbaïdjan, Cameroon, Senegal).

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Visions of Europe in the World E. CONCLUSION Huntington, Ravenstein & Diderot

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Huntington’s interpretation of results could be something like … n Egyptian or Tunisian students would not like to live in Israël in a near future Muslims don’t like Jews n Indian students would not like to live in Pakistan or Bangladesh Hindi don’t like Muslims n European students would not like to live in subsaharian Africa Whites don’t like Blacks

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Huntington’s interpretation of results could be something like that … ALL OF THIS NICELY SUPPORT THEORY OF THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS, ISN’T IT? BUT …

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Ravenstein’s interpretation of results could be different n Egyptian would not like to live in Israël in a near future It is very common to have a negative picture of at less one neighbor country. n Indian students would not like to live in Pakistan or Bangladesh the memory of war and conflict is a barrier that decrease through time n European students would not like to live in subsaharian Africa Students are more attracted by richer countries , what else ?

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Ravenstein’s interpretation of results could be something like that … MENTAL MAPS ARE GOVERNED BY SOME GENERAL LAWS BASED ON SIZE AND DISTANCE. DON’T FOCUS ON RESIDUALS !

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS The last word … Si la raison gouvernait les hommes, si elle avait sur les chefs des nations l'empire qui lui est dû, on ne les verrait point se livrer inconsidérément aux fureurs de la guerre. D. Diderot

EUROBROADMAP PROJECT - FP 7 -SHS Thank you for your attention ! http: //www. eurobroadmap. eu The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP 7/2007 -2013) under grant agreement n° 225260.