Eurasia Maps A bunch of maps about Eurasia
Eurasia Maps A bunch of maps, about Eurasia. Lucas Gibson & Drake Fowler
Key Each text color represents a region of Eurasia: Western Europe The names of places are bolded for the major or most important empires or dynasties of that time period. Middle East South Asia Central Asia Southeast Asia This presentation is meant to show some examples of the empirical and dynastic changes of the Eurasian continent through world history. It is not a complete guide for the history of the continent and should not be read as such. Forward!
3500 - 500 BCE Minoan/Mycenaean Hittites/Persians Mesopotamia Shang/Zhou Indus Valley Back Forward!
500 BCE – 600 CE Celts Huns Roman Republic Yamato Parthian Empire Kushan Seleucid Alexander the Zhou/Qin/Han Great Mauryan Back Forward!
600 – 1000 CE England Russia Turks Frankish Magyars Kingdom Roman Cordoba Empire Abbasid Heian Caliphate Sassanid Tang/Song Harsha’s Empire Chola Srivijaya Back Forward!
1000 – 1450 CE Golden Horde England Holy Mongols Roman Byzantine Empire Ottoman Jagatai Khanate Empire Ilkhanate Sultanate of Delhi Song/Yuan/Ming Chola Khmer Majapahit Back Forward!
1450 – 1750 CE Union of Kalmar Russian Empire England Ottoman Empire Mongols Tokugawa Mughal Empire Ming/Qing Siam Back Forward!
1750 – 1914 CE Sweden United Kingdom Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Persia Oman Qing Tokugawa British India Siam Back Spanish Empire East Indies Forward!
1914 - Present USSR Sweden Germany Turkey Iran China Japan Tibet India Back Indies Forward!
We hope you enjoyed this brief overview of the history of empires and dynasties on the Eurasian continent. Back Restart End
Shang/Zhou • Shang was the first Chinese dynasty, originally thought to be a myth by historians. • Zhou was the second Chinese dynasty, and believed in the Mandate of Heaven, which they inherited from the Shang. Back
Indus Valley • This region, also called Harappan, was known to be very technologically advanced for this time period, and had Urban Dwellings. Back
Mesopotamia • This region was thought to contain the first written laws, known as ‘Hammurabi's Code’. • This region is thought to have had the first advanced civilizations. • Sumer and Akkad were some of the first large urban dwellings in this region. Back
Hittites/Persians • The Hittites controlled much of Anatolia and had great skills in iron work, which facilitated their conquest of surrounding areas. • The Persians were conquered by Sargon of Assyria. Back
Minoan/Mycenaean • Minoan culture is matrilineal and usually worships female goddesses. • Minoans had advanced architecture, including aqueducts. • Mycenaean political power laid in the hands of the warriors, and they eventually conquered the Minoans. Back
Alexander the Great • Alexander had a massive empire and was the king of Macedon. • Eventually, Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III, conquered all of Persia, extending his empire to Punjab. Back
Muaryan • The Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya. • Some historians argue this empire was perhaps the most powerful in India until the British colonized it. Back
Kushan • The Kushans were very distinct culturally; many men that could afford it had their heads artificially deformed. • They often depicted themselves on horsebacks, so it is inferred that they had mad equestrian skillz. Back
Zhou/Qin/Han • This region changed power many times during a time of warring states. • The Qin came into power during this time, and ruled for around 200 years before they were taken over by the Han. • The Han became very powerful, rivaling the Romans in some aspects. Back
Huns • This is a semi-nomadic group which eventually spread to Europe under Atilla the Hun. • Evidence shows that these people were not homogeneous but rather comprised of different Eurasian clans. Back
Yamato • The Kofun period occurred during the Yamato’s reign. It was so called because of the Kofun burial mounds popular during this time. • During this time Japan became more cohesive and evolved into an independent state, whereas before it was somewhat controlled by China. Back
Parthian Empire • The power of the Parthian Empire was in its strong cavalry. • Mithradates I extended the small state into a large, powerful empire. • The Parthian government based itself of the Achaemenid administration. Back
Seleucid • This state was heavily opposed by the Persians, and they eventually lost control over Northern India. • Kept the Achaemenid system of government and control. Back
Celts • The Celts were a group of people who all shared similar traits, such as language. • The Celts’ social system was based loosely on class and kinships. • Most early Celts were organized into tribes which were led by Kings. Back
Roman Republic • Founded in 753 BCE by Romulus and Remus. • This state was controlled by two consuls, civil and military, which were elected by an assembly. • Rome expanded, which lead to the Carthage war. Back
Roman Empire • The Republic was changed into an empire after a brief civil war, and Julius Caesar was named the first ‘emperor for life’. • The empire rapidly expanded to the Mediterranean basin, western Europe, and down the Nile to Kush. Back
Russia • Russia was ruled by a Turkic people during this time. • Russia was an important ally of the Byzantine empire and waged successful wars against the Arabs. Back
England • Originally England was not a nation, but the name of a region which was inhabited by Anglo-Saxons. • This area was ruled in by a number of small Kingdoms. Back
Frankish Kingdom • Clovis I united the autonomous Frankish Kingdoms into one. • The Frankish Kingdom is not recognized as an empire by historians because it was repeatedly split apart and reunited. Back
Cordoba Caliphate • All Caliphs of Cordoba were descendants of the Umayyad dynasty of Persia. • Many great Spanish Islamic buildings were constructed during this time, including the famous Great Mosque of Cordoba. • A civil war practically destroyed the Caliphate in 1010 CE though it officially existed until 1031 CE. Back
Magyars • The Magyars are a distinct ethnic group of Hungary. • Hungarian is derived from a combination of Onogur and Hun, two peoples who lived in or near Hungary. • The Magyars were primarily Christians. Back
Sassanid • This dynasty was founded after the defeat of the last Parthian king. • This dynasty heavily influenced Roman Civilization. Back
Abbasid • The Abbasid government copied many aspects from the Persians. • Governors were appointed to rule smaller provinces. • Ulama (people with religious knowledge) and qadis (judges) ruled locally. Back
Harsha’s Empire • Harsha (reigned 606 -648) unified Northern India. • Harsha was an excellent conqueror and administrator. • Harsha’s empire died with him after he ruled for 41 years. Back
Chola • Chola had a very powerful navy; they controlled the ocean from South China Sea to the Arabian Sea. Back
Tang/Song • These cultures discovered fast growing rice and new agricultural techniques which greatly increased food supply. • As a result, urbanization and population growth occurred. • In addition, Buddhism was established in this time period. Back
Heian • Although the emperor was supposed to be in power at this time, he was more ceremonial than anything. • The actual power was in the hands of the Fujiwara family. • Chinese learning dominated Japanese education. Back
Turks • Turkish people were organized into clans and spoke unique languages. • Mostly nomadic herders. • The Turks lived mostly on the meat of their animals and made some leather crafts. Back
Srivijaya • This society was established after the fall of Funan, and engaged in sea trade with both China and India. Back
Byzantine Empire • This empire followed the Roman Empire, and had a very centralized state. • Constantinople, which was rebuilt, was a center for crafts and industry, such as glass. • The official language changed from Latin to Greek. Back
England • During this time period the Magna Carta was signed. • In addition, there were many independent states on the British Isles. Back
Holy Roman Empire • This empire was run by an elected monarchy, and the monarch was chosen by the pope. • This region was also divided into many different territories which were independently ruled. Back
Golden Horde • This was one section of the original Mongol Empire, which was split up after Chinggis Khan’s death. • These people overran Russia and maintained control until the mid-fifteenth centruy. Back
Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman Empire eventually expanded into the Byzantine Empire. • This expansion was facilitated by the effective use of gunpowder. • Constantinople was ultimately taken, and it became the Ottoman capital. Back
Ilkhanate • One of the four major divisions within the Mongol Empire. • Ruled first by Chingis’ son Hulegu Khan. • Eventually converted to Islam after Shamanism and Hinduism. Back
Song/Yuan/Ming • The Song dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols and the Yuan dynasty was founded in its place. • The Mongols were driven out of China by the Ming. Back
Mongols • Chingis Khan, which means universal ruler, unified the Mongol tribes. • Military units were based on previous tribes, and leaders were chosen for their loyalty and talent. • After the death of Chingis Khan, the empire was divided into four sections between his children. Back
Jagatai Khanate • Changati Khan, a son of Chingis Khan, ruled over this part of the Mongolian Empire. Back
Chola • Very little information about the start of this dynasty but it is thought to be pretty ancient. • Came to full power around 1050 CE and then began to decline Back
Sultanate of Delhi • Agriculture very important in this area with cash crops being the most important. • One of the few female Indian rulers, Razia Sultana, was in power during the time of the Sultanate. • Muslim state, though it did not form allegiances with other Muslim empires. Back
Majapahit • This empire was the last Hindu empire in the Malay archipelago. • This empire contributed to the decline of the Srivijayan empire. Back
Khmer • The Khmers built the Angkor society, including Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat. • The Khmers mostly converted to Buddhism in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Back
Union of Kalmar • This was a union that united the regions of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. • This union was ruled by a single monarch. • Although the countries were united, they were not without independence. • The Union eventually broke up due to tensions between the states. Back
England • Henry the Eighth lived during this time and started the English reformation. • Henry wanted an annulment of his marriage and the Pope would not do it so england broke away from the Papacy. Back
Tokugawa • The Tokugawa shogunate controlled all Daimyos and therefore controlled Japan. • Tokugawa restarted the policy of isolation; this was broken when Commodore Perry went to Japan. Back
Ming/Qing • The Ming forced the Mongols out of China. • The Ming had centralized government control. • Ming declined because of corruption and inefficiency. • The Qing was established by Manchus who invaded from Manchuria. Back
Russian Empire • After the sack of Constantinople, Russia became the only Christian state in Eastern Europe. • Russia attempted to regain all of its lost territories in the 16 th century. Back
Mongols • After the decline of the Mongol Empire most Mongols assimilated into local populations. • One out of every 200 men in the world today has genes from Chingis Khan. • The Mongols had the largest contiguous empire in world history. Back
Mughal Empire • Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol and the founder of the Mughal dynasty was believed to be of Mongolian descent. • Akbar had a strange religion; Din-i-Ilahi, a blend of many very different belief systems. • The power of the Mughal empire peaked around the year 1700. Back
Siam • Siam was never conquered by a European power because it utilized the tensions between competing European empires. • Many Khmer customs were passed onto Siam. Back
Ottoman Empire • After the capture of Constantinople, the Ottoman empire became a complete monarchy, under Mehmed the Conqueror. • Eventually they conquered Serbia, Greece, Albania. Back
United Kingdom • The United Kingdom, or UK, is made up England Scotland was united in 1707 under the Acts of Union. • Britain was a major player in the Age of enlightenment. Back
Sweden • This time saw the rise the Swedish Empire. • Sweden lost many territories in this time; however it did gain control of Norway which it held for the majority of this period. • There was a significant population increase in Sweden; from 1750 to 1850 the population doubled in size. Back
Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman Empire was the only Islamic empire to challenge the dominance of European powers during this time. • This empire declined during the 19 th century and was destroyed in the aftermath of WWI. Back
Oman • The Omanis people practice a small branch of Islam known as Ibadhism. • The Omanis conquered some surrounding areas but they are not considered a true Empire. Back
Persia • Persia had little power in the world during this time but could not compete with the rapidly industrializing nations of Europe. • Persia was never officially conquered in this period but it was economically dependent on Europe. Back
Siam • In 1939, Siam changed its name to Thailand. • Although the government often changed in the twentieth century, it became a democracy in the 1980’s. • Siam also drafted a new constitution in 1997. Back
Spanish Empire • Oceania was one of many parts of the vast Spanish Empire. • Even after many South American countries gained their independence, Oceania remained under Spanish control. Back
East Indies • The Dutch East India company controlled this area of the world. • They imposed harsh systems of forced cultivation which made the Netherlands rich and the local Javanese poor. • The Javanese tried to have an uprising but it failed. Back
British India • The British East India Company controlled India and repressed its people. • The Sepoy Mutiny almost ridded India of British control but ultimately failed. • The Indian National Congress started a struggle for independence that entailed massive protests of civil disobedience that eventually freed India. Back
Qing • Qing control weakened considerably during this time. • The Taiping and Boxer rebellions occurred; showing the weakness of the government. • The Qing dynasty violently collapsed in 1912 following open rebellions and the formation of the Republic of China. Back
Tokugawa • Japan ended its isolation during this time. • It went from the Tokugawa feudal system to a modernized government during the Meiji Restoration. • There was much anti-western sentiment during this time following Perry’s arrival. Back
Russian Empire • Russian public support of the Czar disappeared during this time. • Russia lost its power considerably during this time; shown mainly by its loss to Japan in the Russo-Japanese war. Back
USSR • The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a communist state for almost all this time period; it was dissolved in 1991. • The cold war was an “fight” between the US and the USSR Back
Tibet • Tibet has tried to become independent of China during this time; China will not allow this. • China forced the exile of Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, in an effort to break the resolve of Tibetans urging for independence. Back
China • China became the largest and most powerful communist state during this time; it has since become a “Republic. ” • China is now one of the largest exporters in the world due to its low labor costs. Back
Japan • In World War I Japan fought on the Allies side; however this was mainly just to justify their own agenda of conquering neighboring states. • In World War II Japan fought for the Axis and was crippled by a Nuclear attack. • Japan has become a superpower during this time period; in part due to aid from the US after WWII Back
Sweden • Sweden was technically neutral during World War I and World War II. • In 1995, Sweden joined the European Union, or EU. • Sweden is very industrialized and its citizens maintain a high standard of living. Back
Germany • In World War I, Germany was defeated as part of the Central Powers by the Allied forces. • In World War II, Germany was also defeated by the Allied powers. • Germany is now a democratic republic. Back
Turkey • In 1923, Turkey was founded as a Republic. • The head of state in Turkey, the President of the Republic, is mostly a ceremonial role. Back
Iran • Iran was occupied during World War II by the U. S. and the Soviet Union to prevent it from joining the Axis. • In the 1980’s, Iran underwent a revolution and changed from a monarchy to an Islamic Republic. Back
India • India was colonized by Britain, but gained their independence shortly after World War II, in 1947. • India is now the largest democracy in the world. Back
Indies • The Indies, also known as the East Indies, is a region which includes many countries. • This region is very diverse, encompassing people of many different religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and many others. Back
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