EUMETSATs CMSAF CDOP 2 science overview Rainer Hollmann

EUMETSAT‘s CM-SAF CDOP 2 science overview Rainer Hollmann Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) http: //www. cmsaf. eu 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 1

Content § Participants § CM SAF in CDOP § CM SAF definitions § User communities & history § CDOP 2 portfolio of CM SAF § Generation of CDR’s § CDR examples § Summary 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 2

Participants II Which course of this event week have you attended? Please vote q 1 st - CM SAF Overview (Christine Träger-Chatterjee) q 2 nd - Introduction to Software Tools (Jörg Trentmann ) q 3 rd -Cloud Retrieval (Karl Göran Karlsson) q 4 th - The AVHRR Globala Climate Dataset of Clouds and Radiation (Karl Göran Karlsson) q 5 th - Top-of-the-atmosphere Radiation Parameters (Nicolas Clerbaux) q 6 th - Surface Radiation Retrieval (Rebekka Posselt ) q 7 th - Surface Radiation Climate Dataset from Meteosat (Rebekka Posselt) q 8 th - Operational Products on Clouds and Radiation (Anke Kniffka) q 9 th - The Ocean Climate Data Set HOAPS (Karsten Fennig) q 10 th - Global Moisture and Temperature operational Products (Nathalie Courcoux) q none 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 3

Content § Participants § CM SAF in CDOP § CM SAF definitions § User communities & history § CDOP 2 portfolio of CM SAF § Generation of CDR’s § CDR examples § Summary 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 4

Product vs Data Set Longterm Short and Intermediate Term Satellite Data Observing system performance monitoring & automated corrections Archived Satellite Data Records Re-calibration & Inter-calibration, Fundamental Climate Data Records Reprocessing Operational Products Thematical Climate Datasets • generated on a monthly basis • First-order satellite calibration • Algorithm and input data not homogeneous over time • Resulting time series not applicable for all climate monitoring purposes, e. g. trend estimation • Generated on an irregular basis, e. g. every 2 years • Calibrated and homogenized satellite data • Algorithm and auxiliary input data homogeneous over time • Resulting time series fully applicable for climate monitoring purposes, including trend estimation Longer term climate variability & climate change analysis Operational Climate monitoring Schulz (2009), adapted 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 5

Sustained Climate Information Flow § CM SAF is part of the EUMETSAT Ground Segment § Project-cycle is 5 years. 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 6

Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF IOP/2004 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 7

Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF CDOP/2007 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 8

Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF CDOP 2/2012 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 9

Users & products Operational Products Cloud products • Cloud phase (CPH) • Cloud top pressure / temperature / height (CTP / CTT / CTH) • Cloud water path (CWP) • Cloud type (CTY) • Cloud optical thickness (COT) TOA Radiation products • TOA incoming solar radiation (TIS) • TOA emitted thermal radiation (TET) • TOA reflected solar radiation (TRS) Surface Radiation products • • Surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) Surface netto longwave radiation (SNS) Surface outgoing longwave (SOL) Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) Surface radiation budget (SRB Surface netto shortwave (SNS) Surface Albedo (SAL) Thematical Climate Datasets • Integrated water vapor (HTW) • Cloud Albedo (CAL) • Solar irradiation at the surface (SIS) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • HOAPS: • Precipitation • Evaporation • Specific humidity • Wind • latent heat Water Vapour/Temp. products • Layered watervapor, temperature, humidity (HLW) • Layered temperature, specific humidiy (HSH) • Vertically integrated water vapor (HTW) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 10

Users & products Operational Products Cloud products • Cloud phase (CPH) • Cloud top pressure / temperature / height (CTP / CTT / CTH) • Cloud water path (CWP) • Cloud type (CTY) • Cloud optical thickness (COT) TOA Radiation products • TOA incoming solar radiation (TIS) • TOA emitted thermal radiation (TET) • TOA reflected solar radiation (TRS) Surface Radiation products • • Surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) Surface netto longwave radiation (SNS) Surface outgoing longwave (SOL) Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) Surface radiation budget (SRB Surface netto shortwave (SNS) Surface Albedo (SAL) Water Vapour/Temp. products • Layered watervapor, temperature, humidity (HLW) • Layered temperature, specific humidiy (HSH) • Vertically integrated water vapor (HTW) 29. June 2012 Indicate (e. g. with a star) which product have you been using/ ordering / planning to use! Thematical Climate Datasets • Integrated water vapor (HTW) • Cloud Albedo (CAL) • Solar irradiation at the surface (SIS) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • HOAPS: • Precipitation • Evaporation • Specific humidity • Wind • latent heat CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 11

Users & products Orders show: • strong demand of climate data sets • demand for higher spatial / temporal resolution • demand for Climate services 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 12

Targeted User Communities § Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis § high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e. g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. § Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV) related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 13

Targeted User Communities § Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis § high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e. g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. § Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV) related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies § Support to global and regional climate modelling § use of Climate Data Records for model evaluations, feedback studies, and uncertainty studies § these datasets needed at high(er) temporal and spatial resolutions § most recent satellite instrument, only cover short time periods. 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 14

Targeted User Communities § Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis § high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e. g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. § Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV) related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies § Support to global and regional climate modelling § use of Climate Data Records for model evaluations, feedback studies, and uncertainty studies § these datasets needed at high(er) temporal and spatial resolutions § most recent satellite instrument, only cover short time periods. § Climate service and infrastructure planning § long term Climate Data Records (of ECVs) AND near real time operational products required § Consistent climate datasets and according near real time operational products needed (identical algorithm and auxilliary data) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 15

Targeted User Communities Where do you (best) belong to? –> Nummer oder Farben für die einzelnen Segment nutzen. § Survey here 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 16

Content § Participants § CM SAF in CDOP § CM SAF definitions § User communities & history § CDOP 2 portfolio of CM SAF § Generation of CDR’s § CDR examples § Summary 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 17

Research Maturity Operations CDR Generation An Evolutionary process 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 18

Research Maturity Operations CDR Generation An Evolutionary process 2 - Experimental 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 19

Research Maturity Operations CDR Generation An Evolutionary process 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 20

Research Maturity Operations CDR Generation An Evolutionary process 4 - Demonstrated 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 21

Operations CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Research Maturity 5 - Sustained 4 - Demonstrated 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 22

CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations 6 - Benchmark Research Maturity 5 - Sustained 4 - Demonstrated 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 23

Scientific Requirements to climate Data x Value x Time Sufficiently long time series Homogeneous Calibrated Point of measurement x Representative Quality controled 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 24

Additional Requirements to Climate Data Records Climate data record = time series of measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continutity to determine climate variablility and change (NRC, 2000) Transparent Open accountable in every aspect Sustainable Potential for long-term maintenance Preserved Secure in perpetuity Extensible Forward compability in accomodating new data from existing or new instruments Accessible Easy obtainable, affordable and understandable Scientifically defensible Based on testable hypotheses and methodologies that have been peer reviewed Continuously assessed/improved Evaluated on a schedule basis, possibility to incorporate better/improved methods Reproducible Producing consistent results within machine rounding errors 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 25

Product portfolio in CDOP 2 Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) Microwave Radiances 2014 2016 1987 - 2012 1987 - 2014 global ice free ocean SEVIRI Cloud parameters, aerosol optical depth 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa GERB/SEVIRI Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, land surface temp. , FTH 2014 2016 1983 - 2012 1983 - 2015 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 1982 - 2014 Europe & Africa AVHRR GAC Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, incl. albedo 2014 2016 1982 - 2013 1978 - 2015 global TOVS/ATOVS (high) cloud amount and top 2016 1984 - 2009 global SSM/I, SSMIS HOAPS 2015 2017 1987 - 2012 1987 - 2014 global ice free ocean SSM/I, SSMIS Climate Data Record (CDR) Environmental Data Record (EDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation monthly 2005 - today Europe & Africa SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes monthly 2004 - today Europe & Africa AVHRR Cloud parameters, surface radiation, surface albedo monthly > 2014 global ATOVS Water vapour, temperature monthly 2004 - today global 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 26

Product portfolio in CDOP 2 Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Main Application Areas Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) SSM/I, SSMIS Microwave Radiances 2014 2016 1987 – 2012 1987 - 2014 Climate Data Record (CDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, aerosol optical dep. 2015 2004 - 2014 GERB/SEVIRI Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 2004 - 2014 MVIRI/SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, land surface temp. , FTH 2014 2016 1983 – 2012 1983 - 2015 MVIRI/SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 1982 - 2014 AVHRR GAC Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, incl. albedo 2014 2016 1982 – 2013 1978 - 2015 TOVS/ATOVS (high) cloud amount and top 2016 1984 - 2009 SSM/I, SSMIS HOAPS 2015 2017 1987 – 2012 1987 - 2014 Environmental Data Record (EDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation monthly 2005 - today SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes monthly 2004 - today AVHRR Cloud parameters, surface radiation param. , incl. albedo monthly > 2014 ATOVS Water vapour, temperature monthly 2004 - today 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 27

Content § Participants § CM SAF in CDOP § CM SAF definitions § User communities & history § CDOP 2 portfolio of CM SAF § Generation of CDR’s § CDR examples § Summary 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 28

New Products: examples Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) Climate Data Record (CDR) AVHRR GAC Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, incl. albedo 2014 2016 1982 – 2013 1978 - 2015 global monthly > 2014 global Environmental Data Record (EDR) AVHRR 29. June 2012 Cloud parameters, surface radiation, surface albedo CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 29

New Products: examples (I) AVHRR GAC data sets ”CLARA” (1978 -2013/2015) • Edition 2 (2014): Improved dependencies on surface characteristics (albedo, emissivity), probabilistic cloud mask, • Edition 3 (2016): Extension 1978 -1981; [1982 – 2009]; 2010 - 2015, calibration / navigation upgrades, orbital drift corrections 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 30

AVHRR GAC Editions in CDOP 2: Improvement of homogeneity • First GAC edition show signs of artificial trends due to e. g. inhomogeneous temporal sampling (see above) • New editions aim for reduction of inhomogeneities, improving error estimations and upgrading algorithms 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 31

New Products: examples (II) Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) SSM/I, SSMIS Microwave Radiances 2014 2016 1987 – 2012 1987 - 2014 2015 2017 1987 – 2012 1987 - 2014 global ice free ocean Climate Data Record (CDR) SSM/I, SSMIS 29. June 2012 HOAPS CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- global ice free ocean 32

HOAPS editions • • • Extend in time with SSMIS Update retrieval schemes. Include uncertainty estimates. Apply triple collocation to separate uncertainty terms. 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 33

New Products: examples (III) Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) Climate Data Record (CDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, aerosol optical dep. 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa GERB/SEVIRI Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, land surface temp. , FTH 2014 2016 1983 – 2012 1983 – 2015 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 1982 – 2014 Europe & Africa Environmental Data Record (EDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation monthly 2005 - today Europe & Africa SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes monthly 2004 - today Europe & Africa 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 34

European Heatwave 2003 Land Surface Temperature Anomalies for July/August 2003 (MODIS / Terra - Product) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 35

European Heatwave 2003 Land Surface Temperature Anomalies for July/August 2003 (MODIS / Terra - Product) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 36

Land Surface Temperature for MFG and MSG • • Usage and Motivation - Climate monitoring of drought conditions (e. g. Europe 2003!) - Essential physical state variable for land surface processes - Constraint for outgoing longwave radiation and turbulent land fluxes Target Accuracy - • 1 K bias, 2 K, 1. 5 K, 1. 0 K rmse (hourly / daily / monthly) Algorithm & Satellite (MVIRI/SEVIRI) - 10. 8 um only: based on published method of LSA SAF 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 37

New Products: examples (IV) Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) MVIRI/SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, land surface temp. , FTH 2014 2016 1983 - 2012 1983 - 2015 Europe & Africa Environmental Data Record (EDR) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 38

MVIRI/SEVIRI data set MAGICSOL CDR seasonal means of cloud albedo (top, CAL), solar direct (middle, SID, and solar radiation (bottom, SIS). MVIRI /SEVIRI data sets (1982 -2014) -Editions (2014, 2016): Extension 1982(? ); [1983 – 2005]; 2012 -2014, Upgrade calibration, Improvements of Heliosat method 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 39

MFG vs. MSG Cloud Mask Evaluation MSG MFG (simulated) Development towards a consistent satellite independent cloud mask 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 40

MFG vs. MSG Cloud Mask Evaluation MSG: mean CFC 43 % 29. June 2012 MFG (simulated) MSG: mean CFC 42 % CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 41

New Products: examples (V) Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) Climate Data Record (CDR) GERB/SEVIRI Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa Environmental Data Record (EDR) 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 42

MVIRI/SEVIRI TOA radiation budget Empirical method for MVIRI/SEVIRI and GERB Based on MVIRI/SEVIRI FCDRs and model of spectral degradation 1982 -2014, (0. 05°)² resolution 29. June 2012 Time series of the MVIRI visible radiances for different scene types, after correction of spectral degradation. CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 43

MVIRI/SEVIRI TOA radiation budget El Chichon, Mt. Pinatubo? Please mark! 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 44

Product portfolio in CDOP 2 Sensor, Satellite resp. Parameter Release date Period Coverage Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) Microwave Radiances 2014 2016 1987 - 2012 1987 - 2014 global ice free ocean SEVIRI Cloud parameters, aerosol optical depth(? ) 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa GERB/SEVIRI Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 2004 - 2014 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, land surface temp. , FTH 2014 2016 1983 - 2012 1983 - 2015 Europe & Africa MVIRI/SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes 2015 1982 - 2014 Europe & Africa AVHRR GAC Cloud parameters, surface radiation parameters, incl. albedo 2014 2016 1982 - 2013 1978 - 2015 global TOVS/ATOVS (high) cloud amount and top 2016 1984 - 2009 global SSM/I, SSMIS HOAPS 2015 2017 1987 - 2012 1987 - 2014 global ice free ocean SSM/I, SSMIS Climate Data Record (CDR) Environmental Data Record (EDR) SEVIRI Cloud parameters, surface radiation monthly 2005 - today Europe & Africa SEVIRI/GERB Top of atmosphere radiative fluxes monthly 2004 - today Europe & Africa AVHRR Cloud parameters, surface radiation, surface albedo monthly > 2014 global ATOVS Water vapour, temperature monthly 2004 - today global 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 45

What do you think is missing? Participants to use text-functionality 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 46

Content § Participants § CM SAF in CDOP § CM SAF definitions § User communities & history § CDOP 2 portfolio of CM SAF § Generation of CDR’s § CDR examples § Summary 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 47

Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 48

Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning • CM SAF develops and improves methods to derive CDRs on an operational basis and in a sustained mode. 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 49

Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning • CM SAF develops and improves methods to derive CDRs on an operational basis and in a sustained mode. • CM SAF maintains and provides an operational and sustained infrastructure that can serve the community within the transition of mature CDR products from the research into operational environments. 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 50

Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning • CM SAF develops and improves methods to derive CDRs on an operational basis and in a sustained mode. • CM SAF maintains and provides an operational and sustained infrastructure that can serve the community within the transition of mature CDR products from the research into operational environments. • CM SAF complement and improve its portfolio of CDRs of the global energy and water cycle 29. June 2012 CM SAF Event Week 2012 – The satellite application facility on climate monitoring – the future- 51