EUMETSAT AND ITS PROGRAMMES Alain RATIER EUMETSAT Earth

EUMETSAT AND ITS PROGRAMMES Alain RATIER EUMETSAT Earth Observation Information Meeting, Bruxelles, 3 October 2000 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT Member States 17 Member States 3 Cooperating States Hungary, Poland Slovakia are Cooperating States of EUMETSAT 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT OBJECTIVES THE INITIAL CONVENTION: "The primary objective. . . is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites. . " THE NEW CONVENTION: "A further objective. . . is to contribute to the operational monitoring of the climate and the detection of global climate change. . " 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT SATELLITE PROGRAMMES 96 METEOSAT • Meteosat-5 • Meteosat-6 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 Over Indian Ocean since 7/98 IODC at 63°E Hot stand by at 10° W (since 6/98) Operational S/C at 0°(since 6/98) • MSG-1 • MSG-2 • MSG-3 EPS • Metop-1 • Metop-2 • Metop-3 9 November 2000 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Nomina. I operation estimated lifetime Non nominal operation Estimated fuel margin Approved Available for launch • Meteosat-7 MSG 05 Planned

Meteosat VIS imagery Meteosat IR imagery Meteosat WV imagery Meteosat satellite 9 November 2000

0° LONGITUDE AND 63° E METEOSAT IMAGES METEOSAT 7 9 November 2000 METEOSAT 5

MSG System (from end 2003, TBC) (Meteosat-MSG parallel operations in 2002/2003) Operational MSG Standby MSG Monit oring sate r olog ical eor from othe met IT EUMETSAT Control & Processing Centre Darmstadt Data Collection Platforms (DCP) IT External Sa Support Satellite Ground Applications SStations Facilities Primary Ground Back up Station ( PGS ) (SAF ) Ground Station ( BGS ) n Co Data Collection System Reports LR d. I sse e c l ro &P ntro ) o w C up Ra e k t i c l a el l (B Sat tro R H Dat a nd es a mag lite tel 9 November 2000 es ag Im ata d d se er es th oc nd o a llite s Pr ata rd othe Low Rate User Station (LRUS) High Rate User Station (HRUS)

MSG Missions Multispectral Imagery Airmass Analysis Hi Resolution Imagery Product Extraction Data Dissemination Data Collection Additional Missions – Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget – Search and Rescue Data Archive and Retrieval 9 November 2000

MSG SEVIRI Channels Basic + Airmass + Hi Res Vis Missions 3 km data sampling intervals at SSP, except HRV (1 km) Images each 15 minutes 9 November 2000

SEVIRI Channels Weighting Functions 9 November 2000

Cloud Distribution: low (red), mid (grey), high (white) MGS simulation: from GOES-8 9 November 2000

Discrimination of cloud phase: 8. 6 - 11µ vs 11 - 12 µ Source: NOAA/CMISS (airborne observations) 9 November 2000

Snow detection (1. 6 µ channel) (Source: NASA) Clouds Thin Cirrus Snow 9 November 2000

From space 1800 UTC “OK” Tornado : 3 May 99 From ground 530 CDT (2330 UTC) 2300 UTC 9 November 2000

9 November 2000 Mid troposphere Humidity (+ ECMWF contours at 600 h. Pa) High trosphere Humidity ( + contours ECMWF contours at 300 h. Pa)

GOES high density winds in mid & high troposphere 2 May, 1998 (Source: P. Menzel, NOAA/CMIS) 9 November 2000

Ozone product & derived wind field (black arrows) (Source: Météo-France) 9 November 2000

GOES SST: high amplitude (2 -3 °K) diurnal cycle (low wind conditions) Source: NOAA/CMIS 9 November 2000

ACCESS TO MSG DATA • DIRECT REAL TIME ACCESS VIA LRUS & HRUS USER STATIONS – ALL SEVIRI CHANNELS AT FULL SPACE-TIME RESOLUTION ON HRIT/HRUS – 3 TO 5 CHANNELS FULL SPATIAL RESOLUTION/REDUCED TIME SAMPLING ON LRIT/LRUS PLUS PRODUCTS (TBC) – PROCUREMENT OF USER STATIONS UNDER USER RESPONSIBILITY, KEY UNIT DELIVERED BY EUMETSAT, FREE LICENSE FOR RESEARCH USE • REAL TIME ACCESS – THROUGH GTS/RMDCN: MPEF/SAF PRODUCTS – MSG INTERNET SERVICE : CONTENTS TBD • OFF-LINE ACCESS: – FROM U-MARF: IMAGERY & MPEF PRODUCTS – FROM SAF ARCHIVING FACILITIES (TBC): SAF PRODUCTS 9 November 2000

MSG RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT OF OPPORTUNITY • Jointly released by ESA and EUMETSAT • Objective is to stimulate: – use of MSG data for research, in combination with other data (e. g. ERS, ENVISAT) – structured interactions between research and operational communities • 43 Investigator Teams selected (Peer Selection) – Data available free of charge, dedicated interactions with MSG Project Teams – Investigations/Research not funded by ESA/EUMETSAT • First RAO workshop held in Bologna in May 2000 9 November 2000

EPS within IJPS INITIAL JOINT POLAR SYSTEM METOP 1 & 2 a. m. NOAA N & N’ p. m. Blind orbits data dump Global data dump SAF NOAA global data METOP blind orbits EPS GS NOAA GS METOP global data NOAA blind orbits NOAA POES SYSTEM 9 November 2000 CNES IASI TEC SAF EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM

SCOPE/BREAKDOWN OF EPS PROGRAMME 3 Metop satellites 3 Launch services EPS Ground Segment including SAFs 14 years of operation 9 November 2000

EPS MISSION OBJECTIVES: OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY & CLIMATE MONITORING Temperature and moisture sounding for NWP q High accuracy/vertical resolution q All weather capability q Troposphere, stratosphere and troposphere/stratosphere interactions Imagery of clouds and land/ocean surfaces Air-sea interactions Ozone mapping & monitoring Data collection and location Direct broadcast/support to nowcasting Search and Rescue 9 November 2000

EPS Capabilities/Payload Atmospheric Sounding (temperature, moisture, O 3/species): IR/MW imaging sounders: HIRS 4/IASI, AMSU A/MHS UV/VIS imaging sounder: GOME 2 limb viewing radio occultation sounder: GRAS Global VIS/IR Imagery: AVHRR 3 2 -Dimensional wind field at ocean surface: ASCAT Data Location & Collection: ARGOS DCS 2 Terminal Global and Local Data Access: Solid State Recorder/X Band downlink/HRPT/LRPT Search & Rescue: S&R Terminal 9 November 2000

METOP INSTRUMENT PAYLOAD GRAS GOME-2 AVHRR-3 HIRS-4 IASI ASCAT AMSU-A 1 MHS 9 November 2000 AMSU-A 2

9 November 2000 Source: The Met. Office IASI: Simulated Performances (Moisture)

9 November 2000 Source: NOAA Cloud Liquid Water (top) and Rain Index (bottom)

Total Ozone and Profile (GOME/ERS-2) 9 November 2000

ERS Wind Vector Field (500 km Swath) 9 November 2000 Source: ESA

EPS Data Circulation · Global data read-out through high latitude station · Exchange of global data with NOAA · Direct data read-out services: HRPT and LRPT - High Resolution Picture Transmission - Low Resolution Picture Transmission - Digital version of NOAA APT - Level of communality with MSG HRIT/LRIT - Coordinated with CGMS · Near Real Time delivery of CGS products (level 1 & selected level 2) to Primary NRT Terminals within Member States · Near Real Time delivery of level 2 products through GTS/RMDCN 9 November 2000

The EUMETSAT Ground Segment Delivers products/services required by EUMETSAT Users Has a distributed architecture, including : Central facilities at EUMETSAT HQ Satellite/Mission Control Data Acquisition/Dissemination Image Data Processing/Preprocessing: level 1 Meteorological Products Extraction: selected level 2 Multi mission Archiving and Retrieval Facility (U MARF) Ground Stations : Primary, Back Up and Support Network of Satellite Applications Facilities hosted by national Met Services deliver other level 2 products and selected level 3 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT GROUND SEGMENT BREAKDOWN 9 November 2000

Development of SAF Network Development of 7 SAFs approved by Council – 3 funded from MSG Programme budget SAF on support to Nowcasting and VSRF SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice SAF on Ozone Monitoring – 1 funded from MTP Programme budget SAF on Climate Monitoring – 3 funded from EPS Programme budget SAF on Numerical Weather Prediction SAF on GRAS Meteorology SAF on Land Surface Analysis 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT OVERALL GROUND INFRASTRUCTURE Svalbard EPS Polar CDA Station EUMETSAT HQ Central Facilities Acquisition and Control Station Exchange of IJPS data with NOAA/USA Back up or Support Station Satellite Application Facility Madrid (E): Helsinki Copenhagen Bracknell MDD-FDRS Offenbach EUMETSAT HQ Darmstadt MCC + MPEF FDRS Lannion Usingen MSG PGS Toulouse MDD Canary Island MSG BRGS 9 November 2000 Weilheim Meteosat BGS Fucino Meteosat PGS Lisboa Madrid Support to Nowcasting and very Short Term Forecasting Lannion (F): Ocean and Sea Ice Helsinki (FIN): Ozone Monitoring Offenbach (D): Climate Monitoring Bracknell (UK): Numerical Weather Prediction Copenhagen (DK): GRAS Meteorology Lisboa (P): Land Surface Analysis Roma MDD Planned extension (EPS) PGS Primary Ground Station MDD Meteorological Data Distribution BRGS Back up and Ranging Station FDRS Foreign Data Relay Support CDA Command Data Acquisition MCC Mission Control Centre MPEF Meteorological Product Extraction Facility

U-MARF Multi-mission Archiving and Retrieval Facility MTP MARF MTP Import or Ingestion MSG Ground Segment MSG-GS Front-End Archive Repository EPS Ground Segment EPS-GS Front-End Catalogue SAF Facility SAF Local Archive &Catalogue UMARF Facility External Users User services User Interface External Users 9 November 2000 SAF Local User Service s

RESERVE SLIDES 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT's Satellite Coverage and Indian Ocean Data Coverage 60 N 0 Meteosat-7 Meteosat-5 Prime Position IODC Position 0° Longitude 63°E 60 S 160 140 1 February 2000 120 100 80 60 40 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Slide: 32 a

GEOSTATIONARY COMPOSITE IMAGE OF THE GLOBE 9 November 2000

METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG) 9 November 2000

MSG Responsibilities ESA – Develops the MSG 1 Prototype satellite according to EUMETSAT requirements – Acts, on behalf of EUMETSAT, as procurement agent for MSG 2/ 3 satellites EUMETSAT – Contributes one third of the MSG 1 funding, and funds procurement of MSG 2/ 3 – Finalises and maintains End User Requirements – Procures all launchers – Develops the Ground Segment – Ensures consistency between space system segments (space, ground, launcher service segments) – Operates the MSG System (12 years) 9 November 2000

MOP/MTP - MSG Comparison Meteosat First Generation (MOP/MTP) Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) · 3 channel Imaging Radiometer · 12 channel Enhanced Imaging Radiometer · 100 RPM Spin stabilised Body · Solid Apogee Boost Motor · Bi propellant Unified Propulsion System · 5 years Station Keeping · 200 Watts Power Demand · 720 kg in GTO orbit · Flight qualified with Delta 2914, Ariane 1 3 4 9 November 2000 · 7 years Station Keeping · 600 Watts Power Demand · 2030 kg in GTO orbit · Design compatibility with Ariane 4 and 5

MSG Performance Comparison 9 November 2000

MSG SEVIRI Instrument Spinning Enhanced Vis & IR Imager 12 channels Image each 15 minutes 3 km horizontal sampling Hi Res channel at 1 km 9 November 2000

SEVIRI IR Channel Bands 9 November 2000

MSG MPEF Products Baseline 0 Cloud Analysis (CLA) 0 Cloud Top Height (CTH) 0 Global Instability (GI)* 0 Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) (IR 10. 8, WV 6. 2, WV 7. 3, VIS 0. 6) 0 Clear Sky Radiance (CSR) 0 Tropospheric Humidity (THU) 0 Total Ozone (TOZ)* 0 Calibration Monitoring (CAL-MON) 0 Climate Data Set (CDS) 0 ISCCP Data Set (IDS) 0 GPCP Precipitation Index (PI) * GI & TOZ: algorithm development by SAF and extraction by MPEF Meteorological Products proposed as baseline for the MSG MPEF development 9 November 2000

Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) extracted from VIS (yellow), IR 10. 8 µ (red) & WV 6. 2 µ (blue) channels 9 November 2000

9 November 2000 LI GOES LI MSG(Simulé) Comparison GI MSG (sim. ) and GOES

HRIT-LRIT User Stations • User Station functions developed/demonstrated as part of DADF, for monitoring purpose • Detailed Design of DADF Prototype Stations available to potential customers and providers on EUMETSAT Home Page • Users expected to procure their respective User Station(s) from Industry • Station Key Units to be supplied by EUMETSAT • Definition of the LRIT and HRIT data streams under discussion • HRIT data stream expected to contain all SEVIRI channels at full resolution • EC supporting acquisition of HRUSs in Africa (PUMA initiative) 9 November 2000

GS - Data Acquisition Dissemination Facility - User Stations (for monitoring purpose) 9 November 2000

MSG PROGRAMME STATUS • SYSTEM: SYSTEM CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW SUCCESSFUL • SPACE SEGMENT: MSG SATELLITES – MSG-1/2/3 UNDER DEVELOPMENT/PROCUREMENT – FLIGHT ACCEPTANCE REVIEW UNDER WAY (2 PHASES) • GROUND SEGMENT – TEST & INTEGRATION OF INDIVIDUAL FACILITIES UNDERWAY • DIFFICULTIES WITH CONTROL CENTRE (CF), IMAGE PROCESSING (IMPF) & PRIMARY GROUND STATION (PGS) – PRE-INTEGRATION STARTED, START OF FULL INTEGRATION PENDING DELIVERY OF KEY FACILITIES • LAUNCHER – ARIANE-4 BASELINE FOR MSG-1 • LAUNCH DATE: JANUARY 2002 TARGETED (NO MARGIN) 9 November 2000

EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS) 9 November 2000

A MAJOR COOPERATION BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE USA IN THE MARGINS OF THE G 7, EUROPE AGREED IN PRINCIPLE TO SHARE THE BURDEN OF THE METEOROLOGICAL POLAR SERVICE WITH THE USA INITIAL JOINT POLAR SYSTEM (IJPS) TO BE IMPLEMENTED q In the context of the USA Convergence q Under a NOAA-EUMETSAT cooperation agreement signed in November 1998 q Through integration & coordination of the NOAA POES and the EUMETSAT EPS (EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM) Programmes SCOPE OF COOPERATION q Afternoon & early morning orbits covered by the USA (POES & DMSP Satellites) q Morning orbit covered by Europe (Metop Satellites) q Exchange of instruments and data, coordinated development and operations 9 November 2000

The EPS System within the IJPS System IJPS EPS system NOAA Users 9 November 2000 WMO Community through GTS/RMDCN EPS Users

EPS: AN INTEGRATED EUROPEAN EFFORT · COOPERATION BETWEEN EUMETSAT, ESA AND CNES · EPS SPACE SEGMENT: Metop SATELLITES - Metop 1 developed/co funded with ESA; Metop 2 & 3 jointly procured - (single contract for Metop 1/2/3), fully funded by EUMETSAT - IASI 1 developed/co funded by CNES, under CNES EUMETSAT cooperation; IASI 2 & 3 - procured by CNES, fully funded by EUMETSAT - MHS instruments for NOAA N/N’ & Metop 1/2/3 procured by EUMETSAT - ARGOS DCS Terminals provided by CNES · LAUNCH SERVICES PROCURED BY EUMETSAT · EPS GROUND SEGMENT - Central Core Ground Segment (CGS) developed/procured by EUMETSAT - Network of 7 satellite applications facilities (SAF) developed by EUMETSAT member states - in cooperation with EUMETSAT - IASI TEC and IASI operational level 1 processor developed by CNES · EPS SYSTEM OPERATED BY EUMETSAT (14 YEARS) 9 November 2000

height: 6. 3 m transverse section: 3. 4 m x 3. 4 m (launch configuration) solar panel: 11. 3 m power: 2210 W (end of life, orbit average) lifetime: 5 years 13 instruments launch mass: 4200 kg data flow: 3500 kbps The Metop Satellite 9 November 2000

IASI Instrument Mission Objectives: Temperature profile: 1 K/1 km (in the lower troposphere) Relative Humidity: 10%/1 km (in the lower troposphere) Trace gases: O 3 low resolution profile, CH 4, CO columns Main Characteristics: High spectral resolution (0. 25 cm 1 unapodized) Spectral range: 3. 4 to 15. 5 µ Radiometric resolution < 0. 2 K (Ne. DT), accuracy < 0. 5 K Horizontal resolution/sampling: 12 km/25 km Wide swath (2200 km) scanning synchronised with AMSU A Built in imager for co registration with AVHRR and Back up 9 November 2000

EPS Product Services · PRODUCT SERVICES AVAILABLE FROM CORE GROUND SEGMENT · & NETWORK OF SATELLITE APPLICATION FACILITIES · CGS BASELINE PRODUCTS INCLUDE: - All level 1 Products from all NOAA & Metop sensors - Selected Level 2 Products: Temperature/Moisture Profiles, Cloud Products. . . · VARIETY OF SERVICES/LEVEL 2 PRODUCTS FROM 7 SAFs: - Ocean & Sea Ice Support to nowcasting & VSRF (SW Packages) Ozone Monitoring GRAS Meteorology Climate Monitoring Land Surface Analysis NWP 9 November 2000

Value of EPS to Meteorological Applications (1) · NOWCASTING AND VERY SHORT TERM FORECASTING - High Revisit frequency at high latitudes not covered by geostationary spacecraft - Microwave measurements not available from geostationary orbit · passive temperature/moisture sounding: AMSU A/MHS · active: scatterometry over ocean (wind), ice and land - sensor synergy: co located sounding, imagery, scatterometry - HRPT/LRPT real time service · NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION - advanced sounding (global mission) · temperature, moisture, ozone · troposphere and stratosphere · all weather (AMSU A/MHS/GRAS) · higher accuracy vertical resolution (1 K/1 km) - enhanced information on surface parameters 9 November 2000

Value of EPS to other Applications (2) · CLIMATE RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS - Air Sea Interactions (AVHRR, IASI, ASCAT) Troposphere Stratosphere Interactions (GRAS) Cloud Radiation Interactions/GEWEX Ocean, Ice and Climate (ASCAT, AVHRR…) Biosphere and climate Dedicated SAF · OZONE & UV MONITORING, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY - GOME 2, HIRS AND IASI - Dedicated SAF · CONTINENTAL BIOSPHERE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Vegetation monitoring - Dedicated SAF 9 November 2000

EPS PROGRAMME STATUS · PROGRAMMATICS/DECISIONS - Metop 1 & EPS Programmes approved; agreements signed with NOAA (IJPS) & ESA (Metop) - All space segment contracts signed: Metop, IASI, GOME 2 - Procurement of launch services initiated with Arianespace/Starsem - Alcatel selected as CGS Prime Contractor; improvements of proposal under negotiation/Contract Proposal to be approved by Council in September 2000 - Site selected for Polar CDA Station: Svalbard · DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES - System Requirements Review held in February 2000, System PDR wrap up planned in 2001 - Satellite PDR held in June 1999, Critical Design Review planned in 2001 - IASI CDR planned in 2001; MHS instruments delivered to NOAA - Ground Segment Requirement Review held in July 1999 - CGS kick off meeting planned in November 2000 - Launch in 2005 9 November 2000

U-MARF Archive : expected volume increase 9 November 2000

SAF Network: Programmatics · Distributed element of EUMETSAT Application Ground Segment – Providing services to operational and other users, such as: real time/off line products user software packages data management and related user services – Research and development, including coordination – Focus: operational meteorology and climate monitoring · in line with the new Convention under ratification Development/operations co-funded by EUMETSAT and Member States – EUMETSAT financial contribution 9 November 2000 up to 50% of development cost up to 75% of agreed operations cost

SAF on Support to Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting Hosted by Spanish NMS (INM) in Madrid Involvement of Austria, France, Spain, and Sweden Development kicked off in February 1997 Targeted products are user software packages to extract: – Cloud parameters: mask/amount, type, top temperature/height, – – Air mass: analysis and stability, total and layer precipitable water Winds: high resolution wind vectors Precipitation: identification of precipitating clouds, convective rainfall rate Thunderstorms: tracking of rapid developing thunderstorms 9 November 2000

SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice Hosted by Météo France in Lannion Involvement of Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden Development kicked off in April 1997 Examples of targeted products: – Sea Surface Temperature: Atlantic (10 km resolution), Regional (2 km resolution) – Scatterometer surface wind vectors (global) – Surface radiative fluxes (Atlantic) – Sea Ice (Polar Atlantic): ice edge/cover, thickness/age 9 November 2000

SAF on Ozone Monitoring Hosted by Finnish NMS (FMI), in Helsinki Involvement of Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, and The Netherlands Development kicked off in October 1997 Examples of targeted products – – Ozone: total column, profiles (in real time and off line) Other Trace Gases: NO 2, OCl. O, Br. O total columns UV: Clear sky UV radiation fields Associated validation products 9 November 2000

SAF on Climate Monitoring Hosted by German NMS (DWD) in Offenbach Involvement of Belgium, Germany, Finland, The Netherlands, and Sweden Development kicked off in February 1999 Examples of targeted products – – Sea Surface Temperature and sea ice cover Cloud parameters Surface radiation budget components Radiation budget components at TOA 9 November 2000

SAF on NWP Hosted by the The Met. Office, UK Involvement of France, ECMWF, The Netherlands, and UK Development kicked off in February 1999 Deliverables are User Requirements & Software packages: – RTMs and observation operators (ASCAT, GOME, ATOVS/IASI, SSM/I, SEVIRI) – Software and techniques for improved assimilation of satellite observations in NWP models – Monitoring of quality of space observations 9 November 2000

SAF on GRAS Meteorology Hosted by Danish NMS (DMI) in Copenhagen Involvement of Denmark, Spain, and UK Development kicked off in April 1999 Examples of targeted products – High vertical resolution profiles of temperature and moisture (real time and off line) derived from observations by the GRAS instruments flown on the Metop satellites – Observation operators for assimilation of GRAS products in NWP models 9 November 2000

SAF on Land Surface Analysis Hosted by Portuguese NMS (IM) in Lisbon Involvement of Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden Development kicked off in September 1999 Examples of targeted products: – – – Vegetation parameters and biophysical indicators Snow cover Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity and Soil Moisture Short wave and long wave radiation parameters Evapotranspiration rate 9 November 2000