Eukaryotic Cells vs Prokaryotic Cells Cell Theory n

Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Cell Theory n The cell theory states that: ¨ All living things are made of one or more cells. ¨ Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. ¨ All cells come from other cells.

Cell Types n Two categories: 1. Eukaryotic Cells -Cells that have membranebound organelles 2. Prokaryotic Cells -Cells that do NOT have membrane-bound organelles -Single celled organisms such as bacteria

Cell Types n Eukaryotic cells¨ Cells that contain organelles which are held together by membranes ¨ Examples include plant and animal cells.

Overview of Organelles n Nucleus¨ Largest organelle in the cell and it is the most inner compartment of the cell ¨ contains chromatin (DNA); genetic information on strands called chromosomes ¨ “control center” for cell metabolism and reproduction

Overview Cont’d n n Ribosomes- make proteins; thought of as “factories” Cytoplasm- clear gel like fluid inside the cell, which suspends all organelles

n Mitochondria- often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell release energy for the cell ¨ It converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP for the cell ¨

Eukaryotic plant cell n Plant cells are also Eukaryotic cells, but plant cells contain some organelles that are not found in animal cells.

Plant Cell Organelles n Cell wall- rigid wall outside the plasma membrane. It provides the cell with extra support. n Chloroplasts- captures light and energy; and converts it into chemical energy.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure n The plasma membrane/cell membrane ¨ the flexible boundary of a cell ¨ separates a cell from its surroundings

Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane continued: n allows water, nutrients, and waste into and out of the cell ¨ This is referred to as selective permeability. *(Selective=Chooses, Permeability=filter through)* n keeping a healthy balance of nutrients and water within the cell is called homeostasis