Eukaryotes Multicellular except yeast Heterotrophic digest food outside

� Eukaryotes � Multicellular (except yeast) � Heterotrophic – digest food outside of body and then absorb it �Some � Cell are parasitic walls made of chitin, a complex carbohydrate

� Composed of hyphae which are only one cell thick � Bodies of fungi are composed of masses of tangled hyphae called mycelium � The mycelium is well suited to absorb food because it permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows � Fruiting body is a reproductive structure that grows from the mycelium in the soil beneath it multiple mushrooms may grow from the same mycelium making it one organism � The fungus you see above ground is actually the fruiting bodies.

Hyphae are the individual threads, while mycelium is all of the hyphae put together.

�Both asexual and sexual �Asexual reproduction takes place in two ways � Cells or hyphae break off and grow into a new organism �Production of spores Produced in sporangia found at the tips of specialized hyphae called sporangiophores

�Sexual reproduction involves two different mating types: + and - (plus and minus) �When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they start sexual reproduction by fusing and bringing the 2 nuclei together �After a period of growth, the nuclei form a zygote move into meiosis produces haploid spores which are released and develop into new organisms

� Found almost everywhere � Spores are released by fungus and are scattered by wind � Spores must land in a favorable environment proper combination of temperature, moisture, and food � SPORES AND BACTERIA ARE NOT THE SAME THING!!!!!

� � There are 4 phyla of fungi Zygomycota (Common Molds) Ex - Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) � Asexual – spores in sporangiophores � Sexual – fusion of gametangia resulting in zygospores �

� Ascomycota �Ex (Sac Fungi) – Cup Fungi, Yeasts, Truffles, Neurospora (red bread mold) �Asexual – conidia on conidiaphores �Sexual – fusion of hyphae resulting in ascospores in ascus

� Basidiomycota �Ex (Club Fungi) – mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi �Asexual – none or conidia on conidophores �Sexual – fusion of cells on hyphae resulting in basidiospores on a basidium

� Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi) �Ex – penicillium, athletes foot �Asexual – Conidia on conidiophores �Sexual - none Penicillium