Eukaryote Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Prokaryote Monera
- Slides: 14
Eukaryote Classification § Old 5 Kingdom system Prokaryote § Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals § New 3 Domain system u reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence § Prokaryote: Bacteria § Prokaryote: Archaebacteria § Eukaryotes w Protists w Plants w Fungi w Animals AP Biology Archaebacteria & Bacteria
Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom AP Biology. Fungi Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Protist Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal
Prokaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria AP Biology Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya 2007 -2008 Common ancestor
Bacteria live EVERYWHERE! § Bacteria live in all ecosystems on plants & animals u in the soil u in depths of the oceans Microbes always u in extreme cold find a way to make a living! u in extreme hot u in extreme salt u on the living u on the dead u AP Biology
Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My! AP Biology
eukaryote cell Prokaryote Structure § Unicellular u prokaryote cell bacilli, cocci, spirilli § Size u 1/10 size of eukaryote cell § 1 micron (1 um) § Internal structure u no internal compartments § no membrane-bound organelles § only ribosomes u AP Biology circular chromosome, naked DNA § not wrapped around proteins
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Chromosome Prokaryote Eukaryote double helix AP Biology
mitochondria Variations in Cell Interior cyanobacterium (photosythetic) bacterium aerobic bacterium chloroplast inter na for p l memb rane hoto s s like a ch ynthesis (thyl loroplas t akoi ds) AP Biology nes a r b em m l a on n i t r a e t r i in sp ion e r r d r n fo cho o t i m a e) e a t k s li i ( cr
Prokaryote Cell Wall Structure Gram-positive bacteria peptide side chains cell wall peptidoglycan plasma membrane That’s important for your doctor to know! protein peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides Gram-negative bacteria cell wall outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides outer membrane peptidoglycan AP Biology plasma membrane
Prokaryotic metabolism § How do bacteria acquire their energy & nutrients? u photoautotrophs § photosynthetic bacteria u chemoautotrophs § oxidize inorganic compounds w nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen… u heterotrophs § live on plant & animal matter § decomposers & pathogens AP Biology
Genetic variation in bacteria § Mutations u bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes § binary fission u error rate in copying DNA § 1 in every 200 bacteria has a mutation § you have billions of E. coli in your gut! w lots of mutation potential! § Genetic recombination u bacteria swap genes § plasmids w small supplemental circles of DNA § conjugation AP Biology conjugation w direct transfer of DNA
Bacteria as pathogens § Disease-causing microbes u plant diseases § wilts, fruit rot, blights u animal diseases § § § § AP Biology tooth decay, ulcers anthrax, botulism plague, leprosy, “flesh-eating” disease STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia typhoid, cholera TB, pneumonia lyme disease
Bacteria as beneficial (& necessary) § Life on Earth is dependent on bacteria u decomposers § recycling of nutrients from dead to living u nitrogen fixation § only organisms that can fix N from atmosphere w needed for synthesis of proteins & nucleic acids w plant root nodules u help in digestion (E. coli) § digest cellulose for herbivores w cellulase enzyme § produce vitamins K & B 12 for humans u produce foods & medicines § from yogurt to insulin AP Biology
Got any Questions? ? Ask da’ Boss! AP Biology 2007 -2008
- Eukaryote
- Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic cells do not have
- Old kingdom middle kingdom new kingdom
- Nnn ruled
- Youtube
- Capital of egypt during the old kingdom
- Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophic organisms
- Classification of protista
- Reino protista y fungi
- Protist vs archaea
- Eukaryote
- Eukaryote
- Eukaryote