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EU peníze středním školám Název vzdělávacího materiálu: Číslo vzdělávacího materiálu: Holidays and celebrations AJ 1 -32 Šablona: II/2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky cizích jazyků na středních školách. Název sady vzdělávacích materiálů: Materiály pro přípravu k maturitě Autor: Mgr. Michala Nyklesová Datum vytvoření: 8. 6. 2014 Garant (kontrola): Mgr. Jarmila Jurečková Ročník: vyšší gymnázium Vzdělávací oblast: Jazyk a jazyková komunikace Vzdělávací obor: Anglický jazyk Metodika/anotace: informace. Časový rozvrh: Powerpointová prezentace. Maturitní téma Holidays and celebrations - slovní zásoba a fráze, Zdroje: (Možné uvést v závěru) viz. poslední slide 40 minut Gymnázium Františka Křižíka a základní škola, s. r. o.

Holidays and celebrations

Czech holidays • 1 st of January - is New Year’s Day. This day also marks the beginning of the independent Czech Republic which came into existence on January 1, 1993 after the separation of Czechoslovakia into two states – the Czech and Slovak Republics • 1 st of May - an international Day of Labour is celebrated to remember a strike by American workers in Chicago that took place on May 1, 1886. Nowadays it has become a day of love when lovers kiss under blooming trees, it follows the celebrations of „burning the witches“ on April 30 (bonfire night) • 8 th of May – Liberation Day - This day celebrates the end of the Second World War (WWII) in Europe. American and Russian troops liberated the Czech republic. Ceremonial acts with the veterans take place.

Czech holidays • 5 th of July - Saints Cyril and Methodius Day to remember Cyril and Methodius, two Byzantine Greek brothers who came to Great Moravia in 863 to spread Christianity. They influenced the cultural life and development. The Czechs enjoy a day off at the beginning of the summer. • 6 th of July - Jan Hus Day - in 1415, religious reformer Jan Hus was burned in Kostnice. He was a priest and reformer who blamed Catholic representatives for unholy behaviour. People enjoy another day off.

Czech holidays • 28 th of September - St. Wenceslas Day, the Day of Czech Statehood - the whole nation remembers the main patron saint of the Czech state. He is the first Czech ruler to suffer a martyr’s death. • 28 th o October - Independent Czechoslovak State Day - On this day the Czechoslovak state declared independence at the end of the WW I in 1918. Until that time Czech and Slovak countries had been part of the Austro‑Hungarian Empire. The president gives honours to people. • 17 th of November - Day of the Fight for Freedom and Democracy - very important day from our history. In 1939, Czech students demonstrated against the Nazi occupation and the demonstration was brutally declined. In reaction, Czech universities were closed by the Nazis on November 17. In 1989 the Velvet Revolution started as a student demonstration against the communist regime. This day commemorates the struggle and fight for freedom.

Czech holidays

English holidays • Official days off = bank holidays The banks close for a day, and so do most businesses and services (New Year´s Day, May Day etc. ) • 5 th of Nov – Bonfire Night/Guy Fawkes Night this marks the anniversary of Guy Fawkes’ plot to blow up the House of Lords and assassinate King James I in 1605. Today, it is commemorated with spectacular displays of fireworks and bonfires. • 11 th of Nov - Remembrance Day - memorial day to honour veterans. The symbol is a poppy, poppy and each year the Royal British Legion charity sells paper poppies to raise funds for veterans and their families. It is customary to observe a twominute silence at 11 am.

English holidays • Also Mother’s Day and Father’s Day, April Fools Day, Halloween etc. are celebrated Guy Fawkes Night Remembrance Day G. Fawkes mask

Irish holiday • 17 th of March – St Patrick´s Day - The Feast of St Patrick is a national holiday in Ireland, and is now celebrated by Irish communities all around the world. It is the death date of the patron saint of Ireland. It involves public parades, wearing green colour, shamrock and leprechaun decorations etc. In Dublin In Canada

American holidays • Mother´s and Father´s Day, Remembrance Day, April Fool´s Day are celebrated. • Holidays celebrated by different religions and nationalities (Christians, Asians, Jews, etc. ), some holidays are federal. • 4 th of July – Independence Day - known as the Fourth of July, it is a federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, 1776 declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. This day is associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, fairs, picnics, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies.

American holidays • 31 th of Oct – Halloween - also known as All Hallows' Eve or All Saints' Eve, dedicated to remembering the dead and saints (hallows). The roots are in Celtic harvest festival Samhain. US celebrations are different: trick-or-treating , costume parties, decorating, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns. In other parts of the world Christians attend church services and light candles on the graves of the dead

American holidays • Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in the US and Canada as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year It is celebrated on the 4 th. Thursday of November in the US and on the 2 nd Monday of October in Canada. • In 1621 there was a celebration at the Plymouth Plantation (US), where the Pilgrims (arrived on the Mayflower ship from England a year earlier) held a harvest feast after a successful growing season. Squanto, a Native American, taught the Pilgrims how to catch eel and grow corn and served as an interpreter for them. • Turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, corn and pumpkin pie are traditionally served. • Families gather, the unofficial start to the Christmas shopping season

American holidays Cornucopia of plenty Dinner Xmas shopping on Black Friday The first feast with Squanto

Christmas • In Christian tradition it is a celebration of the birth of baby Jesus was born the son of a poor carpenter Joseph and his wife Mary in a stable in Bethlehem. His arrival in this world was announced by a comet that appeared in the sky. • There are many different traditions and customs in the Czech republic, the UK and the US.

Czech Christmas • 5 th of Dec – St Nicholas Eve – St Nicholas, a devil and an angel visit children in families and evaluate their behaviour throughout the year • 24 th of Dec - Christmas Eve is the most important feast day of all the holidays. Christmas tree is decorated, some people keep fasting time (no meat). In the evening the family gathers together to have a traditional dinner (fish soup and carp with potato salad). After dinner children await the ringing of the bell that announces that little baby Jesus has come to visit them and left presents under the Christmas tree. People often go to a midnight mass. • 25 th and 26 th of Dec – Christmas Day and St. Stephen’s Day – family visits

British Christmas • 25 th of Dec – Christmas Day – before that day the children write wish list to the Father Christmas, Christmas then they throw the letter into fire. Children get up as early as possible to open their gifts under the decorated tree. Later that day a festive meal of roast turkey, goose or beef with roast potatoes, vegetables, gravy is served, followed with a dessert of plum pudding. Crackers are pulled at the Christmas dinner. • The houses are decorated with candles, wreaths, ivy and mistletoe, angels. • 26 th of Dec – Boxing Day - is a bank holiday in the UK. It’s believed to have been named after the ‘Christmas box’ of money or gifts which employers used to give to servants and tradesmen.

American Christmas • A mix of different national and religious traditions. • 24 th of Dec - Christmas Eve – at night Santa Claus with reindeers visits the children bringing them their gifts. People hang stockings on the fireplace, decorate their houses and gardens with lights • 25 th of Dec – Christmas Day – people unwrap the presents, later there´s a dinner of roast turkey (or other poultry), beef, ham, or pork, stuffing, mashed potatoes and gravy, roasted root vegetables are common, pumpkin pie.

Christmas

Easter • Easter is the most important Christian holiday, celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus was crucified on the cross on Good Friday and came back to life on Easter Sunday • The week before Easter is called Holy Week • The date is moveable - the first Sunday after the full moon following the March equinox (= rovnodennost). It varies from 22 March to 25 April inclusive. • Also spring celebrations, symbols are eggs, bunnies, flowers

Easter • Czech traditions – On the morning of Easter Monday, boys and men whip girls and women on their bottoms with a willow stick to make sure they stay healthy for the rest of the year. As a reward girls treat them with handpainted eggs. Typical are lamb-shape cakes, stuffings with fresh herbs etc. • In the UK and the US egg hunting is a popular tradition – children search eggs, chocolate bunnies hidden in the garden and parks. In the UK hot cross buns (sweet bread) are served.

Easter Egg hunting Cruxifiction Whipping Hot cross buns

Let´s speak! • What national holidays do we celebrate in the Czech Republic? • What are some of the public holidays in the US and UK? • What is your favourite holiday and why? • How do people celebrate Christmas? What customs do they keep? • How do we celebrate Easter in our country?

Zdroje a odkazy • • Slide 6 - http: //jdlavicka. rajce. idnes. cz/Oslavy_osvobozeni_Plzen_2013/#Veterani_04. jpg , http: //www. novinky. cz/domaci/297794 -soveti-byli-v-roce-1989 -pripraveni-pomoci-ceskoslovenskeopozici. html, http: //zpravy. idnes. cz/svaty-vaclav-seznamte-se-s-ceskym-patronem-f 28/domaci. aspx? c=A 070925_152031_domaci_adb, http: //www. divadelni-noviny. cz/time-out-petra-pavlovskeho-no 53, Slide 8 – http: //www. military-history. org/news/remembrance-day-2010. htm, http: //www. telegraph. co. uk/news/3362168/Ten-Guy-Fawkes-celebrations. html , http: //new-world-orderplan. org/tools/equipment/ Slide 9 – http: //blog. 123 inkcartridges. ca/2013/03/when-is-st-patricks-day-in-canada-and-what-do-we-do/ , http: //www. bbc. com/news/uk-northern-ireland-26616000, Slide 11 – http: //www. ymcastlouis. org/carondelet-park-rec-complex/events/halloween-hullabaloo-2 , http: //www. bostonmagazine. com/news/blog/2011/10/27/top-streets-trick-or-treating-boston/ Slide 13 – http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States), http: //erstarnews. com/2013/11/25/thanksgiving-day-dinner-will-be-served-2/ , http: //mix 931 fm. com/retailersstarting-black-friday-on-thanksgiving-day-good-or-bad-poll/ , http: //theconservativecitizen. com/2011/07/21/averitable-cornucopia-of-nonsense/, Slide 18 - http: //www. novinky. cz/vanoce/218413 -vanoce-prumerneho-cecha-kapr-koledy-a-kosmetika-podstromkem. html, http: //www. seafoodcruise. com/lights_safety. html, http: //programovecentrum. orfea. cz/cs/detske-oslavy/mikulas-cert-andel/, http: //www. timeanddate. com/holidays/common/christmas-day, Slide 21 –http: //www. bbc. co. uk/food/recipes/hotcrossbuns_397, http: //www. tyden. cz/fotogalerie/velikonocnipondeli-u-nas-i-ve-svete_3700/? img. Offset=2#thumbs , http: //zena-in. cz/clanek/velky-patek-ukrizovani-jezisekrista, http: //northshoreviews. com/tag/egg-hunt/, www. bridge-online. cz www. wikipedia. org Angličtina – maturitní témata – D. El-Hmoudová (nakl. P. Velanová Třebíč, 2009)