Ethos Logos Pathos z Appeals ETHOS Appeal to

Ethos, Logos, Pathos z Appeals

ETHOS • Appeal to credibility • You may want to think of ethos as related to "ethics, " or the moral principles of the writer: ethos is the author's way of establishing trust with his or her reader. • Why should I (the reader) read what the writer has written? • How does the author prove that he or she has something valid and important for me to read? • Does the author mention his or her education or professional experience, or convince me that he or she is a valid, educated, invested, and experienced source? • What common ground do we share?

ETHOS • EXAMPLE: CARTER essay • Paragraph 5: “In 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the original 8. 9 million-acre Arctic National Wildlife Range to preserve its unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreational values. Twenty years later, I signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, monumental legislation that safeguarded more than 100 million acres of national parks, refuges, and forests in Alaska. This law specifically created the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, doubled the size of the former range, and restricted development in areas that are clearly incompatible with oil exploration. ” ETHOS: Carter demonstrates his personal investment in this cause, which has spanned decades. This isn’t a whim for him to call for protection; it is instead part of a personal commitment.

LOGOS • appeal to logic • You may want to think of logos as "logic, " because something that is logical "makes sense"—it is reasonable. • What evidence does the writer provide that convinces me that his or her argument is logical—that it makes sense? • What proof is the author offering me? Statistics? Facts? Examples? Expert testimony?

LOGOS • EXAMPLE: Carter piece • Paragraph 7: “At best, the Arctic Refuge might provide 1 to 2 percent of the oil our country consumes each day. ” LOGOS: Carter emphasizes that drilling for oil isn’t worth it b/c doing so would yield such little product (but create so much damage to the wildlife/landscape in the process).

PATHOS • Appeal to emotion • You may want to think of pathos as an understanding of/call to the reader’s feelings • How is the writer trying to make me feel, or what has he or she written that makes me want to do something? • What specific parts of the author's writing make me feel disgusted, pitiful, inspired, dejected, and so on?

PATHOS • EXAMPLE: Carter piece • Paragraph 3: “…we witnessed the migration of tens of thousands of caribou with their newborn calves. In a matter of a few minutes, the sweep of tundra before us become flooded with life, with sounds of grunting animals and clicking hooves filling the air. ” PATHOS: By mentioning the wildlife, especially newborn caribou, Carter illuminates for the reader the actual victims of industrialization; he tries to evoke awe in the miracle of life in the wilderness so that people would feel pity/anger if it were lost to drilling.

PRACTICE: “Randall” piece

Note the following images and the appeals.

ETHOS Little boy’s letter to NASA…explain his ethical appeal; IN YOUR WORDS: how does he “prove” he’d be good for the job?

PATHOS/LOGOS Text on the left page: THE END If you smoke, statistically your story will end 15% before it should. For help with quitting call… IN YOUR WORDS: Why is the percentage included? What emotion is this trying to make a reader feel?

PATHOS or LOGOS IN YOUR WORDS: • Why is the percentage included? • What emotion is this trying to make a reader feel?

PRACTICE You and a partner will select ONE ad and email me the pic along with an analysis. Be sure to address the following: • What is the implied claim of the image? • Identify 2 appeals • Explain how the appeal is apparent in the ad —in the visual and/or text aspects • Articulate how the appeal supports the purpose/claim of the image.

1. Fine Print: Support a cure. Support Am. FAR (American Foundation for Aids Research)

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3. NOTE: The color bar under each picture starts at 1 on the left and goes up to 15. The fine print on the left of each color bar reads “Min. Emission” while to the right of the bar “Max Emission” is printed.

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