Ethnicity Not Race What is Ethnicity Shared cultural

Ethnicity Not Race

What is Ethnicity? Shared cultural tradition Common history Treasured cultural landscape Ties to religion/language

What is race? Social construct based on skin color or other physical features Features likely because of physical landscape Warm climates – flat noses, Cold climates – long, slender noses Melanin – absorption of Vitamin D. As you move closer to poles, melanin increases skin becomes lighter

Distribution of Ethnicities Can be regional or in particular neighborhoods But what causes the clustering of ethnicities?

African American Population %

Hispanic Population %

Asian Population %

African American Migration Patterns in US Initially through forced migration and slave trade Triangular slave trade Europe Africa = goods to buy slaves Africa Americas = slaves Americas Europe = molasses, rum, cotton, tobacco Majority to Brazil and Caribbean

Slavery to Freedom Major movements to Northern industrial centers 1910 -1920 and 1940 -1950 (WWII and following) Carolinas and Coast – Baltimore, Philly, N. Y. Alabama & Tennessee – Detroit, Cleveland Mississippi & W. Tennessee – St. Louis, Chicago Texas - California

Formation of Ghettos Movement into neighborhoods with previous settlement (chain migration/enclave) Highly dense populations then expansion As area expands non. African Americans leave – White flight to suburbs

Does the US classify race/ethnicity differently? Asian American – race and ethnicity are similar African American – can include Africans, Latin Americans, Asian groups Hispanic – not a race, but is an ethnicity

U. S. Census White Black, African-American, Negro American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Indian Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Other Asian Native Hawaiian Guamanian or Chamorro Samoan Other Pacific Islander Other race

Separate But Equal In US – races could be segregated as long as services provided were equal – they were not Plessy v Ferguson – Supreme Court said Louisiana’s laws were constitutional because of “equal” services “Jim Crow” laws to segregate whites and African Americans

“White Flight” Brown v Board of Education – separate schools was unconstitutional because of inherent unequality Whites respond by emigrating from cities and immigrating to suburbs Kerner Commission – there exists in America two separate and unequal societies, one white and one black – 1968 Has that changed much?