ETHICS TOK LAJM ORIENTATION 1 When was the

ETHICS TOK LAJM

ORIENTATION • (1) When was the last time you did something wrong/bad? – What was the action? What made it wrong/bad? How do you know it was wrong/bad? • (2) When was the last time you did something right/good? – What was the action? What made it right/good? How do you know it was right/good?

Basic concepts • Morals – Views of right and wrong • Ethics – Study of morals What should one do?

Basic concepts RESEARCHES ETHICS MORALS

TASK: morals or ethics? • You betrayed me! • You did that on purpose! • If you don’t care, you could at least refrain from worsening my situation • Agreements are considered as morally obligatory, so braking agreements is wrong • We are responsible of the intentional harm we inflict on others • The minimum requirement for moral action is to refrain from hurting another

Basic concepts • Moral values – Attributes that make some things good and worth pursuing – Goals of our actions • Moral values guide our actions

TASK • What kind of things are valuable and important to you? – Write a list of at least five different things that you value – Try to do a hierarchy: what is the most important value to you? – Can your values conflict each other? How?

Basic concepts • Intrinsic values – Values that are important for their own sake • Instrumental values – Values that are important as means to other values

TASK • What are intrinsic and instrumental values in your list of important things ? – Mark intrinsic and instrumental values into your list • Compare your list to your neighbours list – How different or similar are they?

Basic concepts • Moral norms – Rules of behaviour that protect certain values • Values create norms – This is how values embody obligations for our actions

Basic concepts • Universalizability – An ethical viewpoint implies that the individual takes the interests of others into consideration as well as his or her own – Ethical judgments require a public dimension by definition

TASK • Carefully read through the IB learner profile – What values and norms can you find from the profile? – From your own perspective how relevant are the values and norms mentioned in the profile?

TASK • Search for real-life examples related to ethical issues – What kind of ethical knowledge questions can be related to these situations?

TASK • Do moral thought experiments with teacher’s Kahoot!

TASK • When answering the Kahoot!, what were the ways of knowing in action? • What kind of reasons can you provide for different solutions in each dilemma?

Doctrine of Double Effect • “Sometimes it is permissible to cause a harm as a side effect (or “double effect”) of bringing about a good result even though it would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end. ” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Theories of ethics • Systematic and coherent approaches to good life and morally right action • Stress different things in moral evaluation

TASK • Form five groups • Each group has to internalise the basics of an ethical theory and answer the questions related to theory • All groups will rotate through the checkpoints

Theories of ethics • Virtue ethics • Utilitarianism (consequentialism) – Does the moral agent act virtuously? – Does the action serve the purpose of humankind? – Does the action cause morally good consequences?

Theories of ethics • Duty based ethics (deontology) – Is the action in accordance with moral rules, moral laws or moral principles? • Rights based ethics (deontology) – Is the action in accordance with rights?

Theories of ethics • Social contract ethics – Is the action in accordance with contracts that has been approved in an open and public dialogue?

Theories of ethics • Possibility for rational argumentation is one of the core characteristics of ethics – Moral intuitions can be refined by checking them against ethical principles

TASK • Find real-life situations related to ethics and create ethical knowledge questions related to those RLSs – How do your RLSs and KQs relate to different WOKs and AOKs in TOK curriculum?

Picture sources • Homer Simpson <http: //www. wiringthebrain. com/2011/06/wheredo-morals-come-from. html> Accessed 15 th of November 2015. • Value <http: //www. arborinvestmentplanner. com/what-is-the-bigdeal-about-intrinsic-value/> Accessed 15 th of November 2015. • Free man <http: //www. salvationarmy. org/csld/truefreedom> Accessed 15 th of November 2015. • Dollars <http: //www. incomemakeover. com/cgisys/suspendedpage. cgi> Accessed 15 th of November 2015. • Happy face <http: //typotic. com/i/happiness-2/> Accessed 15 th of November 2015. • Dignity <https: //reverenceoflifeteam 5. wordpress. com/2015/06/11/dignitysomething-owned-by-everybody/> Accessed 15 th of November 2015.

Picture sources • • • World supported by hands <https: //youniversallabs. com/code-of-ethics/> Accessed 10 th of March 2018. IB Learner Profile <https: //sites. google. com/site/wmrhsdprofessionaldevelopment/ib-learnerprofile-principle-balance/the-ib-learner-profile> Accessed 7 th of October 2018. Superman <http: //superman. wikia. com/wiki/Superman> Accessed 7 th of October 2018. Kahoot! <http: //www. psi-solutions. org/kahoot-it/> Accessed 24 th of January 2016. WOKs <http: //blogs. osc-ib. com/tag/ways-of-knowing/> Accessed 6 th of September 2015. Wrong-right post-its <http: //www. psychotherapynetworker. org/cecourses> Accessed 24 th of January 2016. Ethics scale <http: //simplyphilosophy. org/applied-ethics/> Accessed 7 th of October 2015. Jürgen Habermas <https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jürgen_Habermas> Accessed 13 th of March 2018. Iustitia goddes <https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Iustitia. svg> Accessed 15 th of August 2015. TOK curriculum <http: //www. amyscott. com/To. K. html> Accessed 23 rd of August 2016.