Ethics Review Introduction WHAT IS ETHICS Ethics or

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Ethics Review Introduction

Ethics Review Introduction

WHAT IS ETHICS? Ethics, or Moral Philosophy, is the branch of Philosophy dealing with

WHAT IS ETHICS? Ethics, or Moral Philosophy, is the branch of Philosophy dealing with the questions of what is good and bad, what is right and wrong, trying to assess what moral duty is.

What is Ethics? Examples of Ethical Questions: n What is a morally good outcome?

What is Ethics? Examples of Ethical Questions: n What is a morally good outcome? n What is a morally right action? n Are moral values universal or relative? n Where do moral values come from? n What is a just political system? n Are you responsible for poverty? n Do we have a right to a good death? n Would you invade a country that is practicing ethnic cleansing or genocide?

WHAT IS ETHICS? THREE AREAS: 1) Metaethics: where our ethical principles come from (for

WHAT IS ETHICS? THREE AREAS: 1) Metaethics: where our ethical principles come from (for example, Social invention? Will of God? ) and what they mean. 2) Normative Ethics: propose moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct (for example, What are our duties? Are consequences important? ). 3) Applied Ethics: examining specific areas (for example, business ethics) and specific controversial issues (for example, abortion, capital punishment).

WHAT IS ETHICS? n “ 2 things please and surprise my soul: that is

WHAT IS ETHICS? n “ 2 things please and surprise my soul: that is a sky full of stars, and the moral law inside me. ” – E. Kant. n Main question of the lecture: where ethics comes from? What are the main sources of it?

Sources of ETHICS? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Customs; Rules/samples/norms. Customs +

Sources of ETHICS? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Customs; Rules/samples/norms. Customs + norms = morality. Ethics is a practical philosophy. It has ideas: truth, kindness, beauty, etc. A moral man: what is it? Ancient scholars: thought of MORAL VIRTUE first.

Human Being and ETHICS? n n n Ethics is connected with: philosophy, religious studies,

Human Being and ETHICS? n n n Ethics is connected with: philosophy, religious studies, cultural studies, etc. Ethics is an “art to live”. The main value in ethics is a HUMAN LIFE, and a human being. A human being is unique: has consciousness, instincts, memory, soul, plans, mysteries, etc. Aristotle: “A man is a social/political animal”

Human abilities Mind: an ability to understand realize; n Mind gives an ability to

Human abilities Mind: an ability to understand realize; n Mind gives an ability to create, remember and make a choice; n Instinct: given by nature, but it does not give a choice; n Instincts are inside us, but often mind adds to them a “human feature”. n

Human Abilities Will: an ability to achieve desires and plans; n Will: settles the

Human Abilities Will: an ability to achieve desires and plans; n Will: settles the goals; n Shame: a feeling of guilt; has different interpretations; n Honesty / honor: allows us to judge our actions. n

Ethical evaluations Expressing our statements on what is good or bad or what is

Ethical evaluations Expressing our statements on what is good or bad or what is true or false; n Thus, we put evaluations (positive or negative) into our statements; n Thus we produce judgements. 2 types of judgements: - Descriptive (empirical) – Sociology, psychology; - Normative (moral) – ethics, law, religion, custom. n

Examples Descriptive: “Capital punishment acts as a deterrernt” Normative: n “Single motherhood is unacceptable”

Examples Descriptive: “Capital punishment acts as a deterrernt” Normative: n “Single motherhood is unacceptable” or “Classic music is boring”

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