ETHICS Privacy By Tam Lam Dave Fulton Kevin

ETHICS: Privacy By: Tam Lam Dave Fulton Kevin Arnold 1

Overview p Definitions Of Privacy p Kinds p Risks p Aspects p Privacy On The Internet (Lack Thereof) 2

Ethical Concerns p When is it right to invade someone’s privacy, if at all? p What are the steps we need to take to make sure that we do not infringe on these rights? p What is the ethical process behind accessing this information? p What is done with this information after it has been used for the cause at hand? 3

Definitions Of Privacy p Many Definitions Of Privacy • Most Common Is: Having Control Over One’s Personal Information Or Actions p Some Believe It Is Your Right To Have Privacy p Myth: Privacy Is A Right Guaranteed By The Bill Of Rights And The Amendments p Only Implied In 4 th Amendment 4

The 4 th Amendment p “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ” 5

Law • Feel free to take pictures at public places • Blur the people’s face • Some parents concerned about their children’s security • Some cities asked Google to be removed from Street View such as North Oaks, Minnesota. 6

Ethical Concerns p A major focus of this presentation is how the advancement of technology has affected ethics along with privacy Such as: p Real-Time Technology (Security Cameras, Stoplight Cameras) p Social Networks (Facebook, Twitter, My. Space) p The use of Imagery (Google Street View) p The advancements in the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data and information 7

Types of Privacy: Two Main Types Personal Privacy Internet Privacy p Medical History p Credit Card Number p SSN p Username p DOB p E-mail Address p Income p Images p Credit Card Number p ID Numbers 8

Aspects of Privacy p Freedom From Intrusion • Shouldn’t Be Spied Upon For No reason p Control Of Information About Yourself • You Control Who and Where You Give Out Your Personal Information To p Freedom From Surveillance • Shouldn’t Be Followed, Tracked, Watched, Or Eavesdropped On 9

Risks Of Privacy p You Often Don’t Know You Are Giving Out Personal Information • Grocery Card Discounts • Donating To A Political Campaign • Any Social Networking Site p Identity Theft • Once Someone Has Your Credit Card Or SSN, They Can Easily Ruin Your Credit History, Deplete Your Bank Account, And Steal Your Personal Information 10

Before The Internet p Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy Was Much Different p Not A Lot Of Need To Give Out Personal Information p There Was A Thing Called “Snail Mail” p You Weren’t Tagged In Embarrassing Pictures p You Talked To People In Person p You Had To Ask Someone To Find Something Out 11

The Internet p There Is No Privacy On The Internet, Besides Banking Websites, And Very Few Others That Use HTTPS On All Their Web. Pages • Everything You Do And All The Pictures, Text, Information You Put On The Internet Is Saved Somewhere On A Server Or Database. • Your Information Is Often Sold To Advertisers For Big Money 12

Benefits of Technology p The way we store, retrieve, and manipulate data • Storage and security of sensitive information • The ability to access this information p The ability to make our daily lives easier and less complex 13

Technology p With the advancements of Technology, inevitably comes the risk of less privacy p It is how we use this Technology that will determine our ethics in the future p When dealing with Technology one should always ask a few simple questions: • Who is the stakeholder, and how does this affect them? • What is an ethical way to go about applying the techniques needed to get the job done? • How can we use this Technology so that everybody wins, if at all possible? Consider both sides of the Argument! 14

Impact of Technology p Fifty years ago, technology lacked the fundamental power needed to truly be a threat to our constitutional and ethical rights p Today this is not the case p Technology plays a huge role is our everyday lives in regards to privacy 15

Impact of Technology p Digital Media • Real-Time • Non Real-Time p Real-Time • Security Cameras • Stoplight Cameras 16

Impact of Technology p Non Real-Time • Google Street View’s nine foot tall car/bicycle mounted cameras p The imagery that these cameras capture: • Facial Images • License Plate Numbers • Private Properties/House Layouts p Google’s “Cutting edge face blurring technology” 17

Impact of Technology p Computing Technology p Facebook, Twitter, My. Space • Privacy Settings • Reserved Rights • Storage of Information 18

Impact of Technology p Computing Technology p The storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data p Advancement in the way we implement: • Servers • Databases • Websites 19

Impact of Technology p Technology makes these applications and the implementation of these ideas possible p With advancements also come risks and consequences p I feel that the only thing we can do is to rely on ethics to guide us through what is right and what is wrong when it comes to technology. If we throw this guideline aside, what will happen to our right of privacy? 20

Ethical Concerns Abroad p Numerous other countries such as Israel, Australia, and South Korea have also had concerns over the ethical practices and techniques behind Street View p As you can see, the use of technology can be the cause of a lot of attention when dealing with sensitive information p What is the ethical way to go about this? Who is involved, how is it being used, and what is the right thing to do so that both parties are able to benefit from the situation? 21

Austria p Google has been temporarily banned from taking pictures and has been placed under investigation by the Data Protection Commission. p The Data Protection Commission stated: “To clarify the matter, we are asking Google to present a precise technical description of its data-collection activities by June 7, 2010, as well as to answer a detailed questionnaire. ” 22

Austria (cont. ) p The investigation arose after Google admitted the company had “messed up” while taking pictures for Street View p It was discovered that the cameras had collected personal information and had sent it across unsecured wireless connections. 23

European Union p Regulators have told Google that they need to warn citizens when they are going to be taking photos • Announcements in National, Regional, or Local Press p Google must also shorten the length of time that these images are allowed to be stored on their servers 24

Germany p Germany’s Consumer Protection Minister Ilse Aigner described the images on Google street view as "a million-fold violation of privacy rights. “ p Aigner stated she was pondering reversing a 2009 settlement that individuals would have to object if they did not want to have their house or property photographed. 25

Germany (cont. ) p Germany was concerned with that fact that in May of 2010, it was revealed that Google had collected and stored payload data from unencrypted Wi-Fi connections as part of Street View 26

Czech Republic p The Czech Republic’s Office for Personal Data Protection has been investigating the issue in regards to the invasion of privacy since April of 2010, and in September of 2010 did not give Google the necessary registration for Street View. p Office for Personal Data Protection head Igor Nemec said that Google uses technology that "disproportionately invades citizens' privacy. " • Street View cameras are placed too high (9 feet), which allows them to see "over the fence" and into people's homes 27

Risks, Problems, and Concerns p Public and Private Safety p Invasion of Privacy • 4 th Amendment p Security Threats • Patriot Act p The Patriot Act dramatically reduced restrictions on United States law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail, financial, and other records. p It has also eased restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering in the U. S. and expanded the Secretary of the Treasury’s authority to regulate financial transactions in hopes to better locate and deplete the funds needed for terroristic activity. 28

Risks, Problems, and Concerns p Patriot Act • It widened the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of acts related to terrorism • This dilemma is a current one too, as President Obama recently signed a one year extension of the Patriot Act in February of 2011. 29

Problems with the Patriot Act p Does it invade Privacy? p Is it a violation of our Fourth Amendment Right? p Should the government have the authority to make this decision? Is it ethical? 30

Scenario p A string of houses along a street get robbed throughout the course of a year, the police catch the criminals and search their computers and find they used Google Street View to see the easiest way of breaking into the houses and planned their robberies mainly through the controversial feature. 31

Benefits of Technology p Street View: p Vacations • The ability to view a certain area before actually going to that location p Educational Purposes • Projects/Reports p Geographical Information p Geo-spatial Data 32

Benefits of Technology p Street View: p House Hunting • The ability to view a neighborhood p Location Verification • Helpful in locating destination p Appointments p Interviews p Meetings 33

Risks, Problems, and Concerns p Google Street View p Terroristic Activity • Data and Imagery being used in a terroristic manner p The Ability to view targetable locations such as Political Structures, High-Profile Businesses, and other targetable monuments/locations 34

Risks, Problems, and Concerns p Google Street View p Criminal Activity • The use of such imagery for aid in crimes such as p Burglary/Robbery/Home Invasion/Theft p Vandalism p Profiling • The use of imagery to determine wealth of a certain location, such as vehicles, house layout. Ect. 35

Risks, Problems, and Concerns p Google Street View p How data is being collected • Techniques • How data is transferred p Secure or Unsecure? • What is done with the data after it is done being used p Is it kept or permanently deleted? 36

Solution p Google Street View Scenario p Making use of Google’s “cutting edge face blurring technology” • An option that is currently available • Allows the user to request their property, facial images, and/or other sensitive information like license plate numbers be blurred out to protect privacy 37

Videos p http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xwq 7 le 9 z. Sv 0 p http: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/technology/79816 77. stm p http: //news. yahoo. com/video/tech 15749651/google-breached-privacy-laws 22533585 38

Bibliography • • • • http: //www. enm. la/2010/05/google-street-view-banned-in-austria/ http: //gigaom. com/2010/02/26/eu-google-street-view/ http: //www. dw-world. de/dw/article/0, , 5222701, 00. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Google_Street_View#Privacy_issues http: //www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2010 -02 -27 -Patriot-Act_N. htm http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution http: //www. usconstitution. net/const. html#Am 4 http: //www. guardian. co. uk/technology/2010/sep/22/google-street-view-czechprivacy http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act http: //www. fincen. gov/statutes_regs/patriot/ http: //engineeringethicsblogspot. com/2009/04/google-earths-street-view-public -boon. html http: //itgsonline. com/? p=968 http: //www. msnbc. msn. com/id/18987058/ns/technology_and_science-security/ 39