Ethics in Biotechnology Y Andi Trisyono Department of

Ethics in Biotechnology Y. Andi Trisyono Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture, GMU

Agenda • Definition of ethics • Public perception regarding biotechnology • Bioethics • Issues related with biotech food

Ethics • Ethics--from ancient Greek ethos, meaning “character” or “custom” • Distinguishing between that which is unacceptable behavior and that which makes us uncomfortable

Indo. Bi. C What Images does Animal Biotechnology Imply? ISAAA

Indo. Bi. C ISAAA

Modern Classical Breeding (Glick 2010) Random, multi gene transfer Desired Gene X Compatible Donor Plant Commercial Variety New improved plant Modern Breeding with Biotechnology Desired Gene Donor Gene Source Single Gene Transfer Desired Gene Commercial Variety New Improved Plant

CULTIVATED BIOTECH PLANTS (Glick 2010) Insect Protected Control Maize Corn Control Cotton Virus Protected Control Soybean Biotech Maize Corn Biotech Cotton Herbicide Tolerant Control Papaya Biotech Papaya Control Maize Biotech Soybean Biotech Maize

THE AGRICULTURAL CHALLENGE INCREASE LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION TO MEET INCREASING PROTEIN DEMAND (Glick 2010)

Research is a must: in biological field • • Seberapa jauh kita seharusnya melangkah? Seberapa jauh kita bisa melangkah?

The emergence of e new discipline: bioethics • • • Sejak tahun 1970 Mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dalam lingkup ilmu pengetahuan yang terkait erat dengan kehidupan manusia UGM - ada

Tugas, Kewajiban dan Peluang • Manusia diberi kesempatan untuk memenuhi dan mengelola bumi dengan dasar akal budi dan rasa hormat serta dalam kendali pelayanan dan kecerdasan manusia (Bone 1985)

How to deal: Strategies • • Komisi etika Peranan pengalaman Dialog Peran pribadi

Food Biotech Public Issues • • North/South Global Food Security Research International Trade

North-South World: Problems in the South • • • Kelaparan dan kekurangan gizi Ancaman tropis: kesehatan Pertumbuhan penduduk Pendidikan dan kesehatan Industri dan pembangunan Lingkungan dan biodiversitas

THE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE World Population (B) Transition Nations Developed Nations Developing Nations 9 8 (Glick 2010) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1981 1999 2015 2030 3 BILLION MORE PEOPLE BY 2030

THE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE Grain Demand (MT) Transition Nations Developed Nations Developing Nations 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 1981 1999 2015 50% MORE FOOD BY 2030! 2030 (Glick 2010)

Indonesia • Food availability: 4. 8% increase in 2008 • Food access: closed to 35 million live below the national poverty line in 2008 • Nutrition: Underweight 18. 4% and stunting 36. 8% (2007) (Food Security Council 2009)

Food Biotech Public Issues • • North/South Global Food Security Research International Trade

Food Biotech Public Issues • Food Safety • Labeling • Intellectual property • Environment

Biotechnology and Food Personal Choices & Public Policies Thomas M. Zinnen Biotechnology Policy & Outreach Specialist University of Wisconsin-Madison/Extension

The Challenge of Perception is the Potential for The Feeling of Deception • How Consumers Think New Foods Are Developed, Tested and Regulated • How New Foods Are Actually Developed, Tested and Regulated

"Is It Safe? " vs. "Is It Safe Enough? ” • Science can assess the risk • Politics draws the threshold of acceptance • For example, what are the roles of science and of politics in setting speed limits?

Two Types of Regulations • Regulations to protect the public from the risks of biotechnology • Regulations to protect biotechnology from the fears of the public • What are the benefits and pitfalls of such ‘reassurance regulations’?

Labeling in US: The Product • Composition • Adulteration

Labeling in US: The Claims • Truthful • And Not Misleading

The Consumer Sovereignty Argument: • The consumer has a right to know what goes in the consumer’s body. • WWW 2 NO: Whatever We Want to Know • Rights vs Remedies • The strength of the right is really in the power of the remedy

Communicating with the public A key part of ensuring that consumers can enjoy the benefits of new tools while minimizing risks and offering consumer choice.